Philosophy of PE

Five Philosophies that have influenced PE

Idealism

PE develops mind, thinking, personality, and
values

Realism

PE is education for life; develop total person;
valued for health promotion; scientific basis
for programme/ assessments

Pragmatism

PE caters to needs and interests of students;
provides varied experiences; learning via
problem-solving method; importance of
social outcomes

Naturalism

PE is the medium for self-directed and
individualized learning; play is important;
favours non-competitive activity and
outdoor pursuits for individual growth

Existentialism

PE allows students have choice of activities;
provide opportunities for developing selfawareness
and self-responsibility; PE
teacher acts as counsellor, promotes
reflections

Teaching Perspective Inventory

Apprenticeship

Developmental

Transmission

Social Reform

Nurturing

contextualizing my
content to practical
application

understanding of the
content

teaching through
positive learning climate,
support students’ success &
self confidence/efficacy

teaching the content effectively

linking content to students’ lives, based on ideals of the content

promote social change/contribute to society

Schwartz Model

Benevolence

Conformity

Tradition

Security

Power

Achievement

Hedonism

Stimulation

Self-Direction

Universalism