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Philosophy of PE (Schwartz Model (Benevolence, Conformity, Tradition,…
Philosophy of PE
Schwartz Model
Benevolence
Conformity
Tradition
Security
Power
Achievement
Hedonism
Stimulation
Self-Direction
Universalism
Five Philosophies that have influenced PE
Idealism
PE develops mind, thinking, personality, and
values
Realism
PE is education for life; develop total person;
valued for health promotion; scientific basis
for programme/ assessments
Pragmatism
PE caters to needs and interests of students;
provides varied experiences; learning via
problem-solving method; importance of
social outcomes
Naturalism
PE is the medium for self-directed and
individualized learning; play is important;
favours non-competitive activity and
outdoor pursuits for individual growth
Existentialism
PE allows students have choice of activities;
provide opportunities for developing selfawareness
and self-responsibility; PE
teacher acts as counsellor, promotes
reflections
Teaching Perspective Inventory
Apprenticeship
contextualizing my
content to practical
application
Developmental
understanding of the
content
Transmission
teaching the content effectively
Social Reform
linking content to students’ lives, based on ideals of the content
promote social change/contribute to society
Nurturing
teaching through
positive learning climate,
support students’ success &
self confidence/efficacy