Numerous studies have confirmed several key differences between educated police officers and those without college education. For example, educated officers have better written and oral communication skills, display more professionalism and tolerance, and exhibit greater understanding of human behavior. They are more intellectually developed, independent, flexible, and well-rounded and place more emphasis on ethical conduct; better able to analyze problems and display increased self-confidence, morale, and motivation; display more professional attitudes and public relation skills; they are more tolerant, and require fewer disciplinary actions