Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Unit 7 (Chapter 16 (The Renaissance Madrigal (Printing & Literacy…

- - - - Short poem full of emotional words
        
        Composers set these words suggestively
        
        Wide range of topics
      - Words and music tapestry
    - - Throughout the Middle Ages information transmitted orally
        
        Only a few could read and write, books copied by hand
      - Mid-fifteenth century: Johannes Gutenberg first printed Western book (the Bible)
        
        Printing an agent for social change, increased literacy
      - Early sixteenth century: Petrucci developed polyphonic music printing
        
        Expensive but soon found cheaper methods
        
        Amateur Musicians
        
        Music at home
        
        Vocal, instrumental, mix
  - - - Spontaneous social song
        
        Social part songs- Separate musical lines combined into a whole
      - Usually monophonic
      - Word painting (madrigalisms)
        
        Music reflects the meaning of the words
      - Il Bianco e dolce cigno (The White and Sweet Swan)
        
        Published first book of madrigals most widely reprinted collection of the time (1538)
        
        Words Clear (Homorhythm)
        
        Subtle Word Painting
        
        Amateurs- Men & Women Sing
        
        Double meanings
        
        Death
        
        Sexual Innuendo
        
        Chamber music, one per part, each reading a separate book
  - - - English composers developed Italian madrigal into a native art form
      - Late sixteenth century
    - - John Farmer (1570-1603)
        
        Pastoral text, good humor, lively rhythms
        
        Word painting
        
        Social music
        
        Form- ABABCC
- - - - Paris company with Russian dances
    - - Team of innovators
        
        Nijinsky- Choreographer
        
        Stravinsky- Music
        
        Roerich- Stage design
      - Riots at premiere in 1913
  - - - Percussive use of dissonance
    - - Ostinatos
      - Pedal Points
      - Repetition
- - - - 1860s
      - Captured 1st impressions and concept of continuous change in the subject
      - Originally impressions a “bad” name give to Monet painting
      - Impressionist painters
        
        Monet
        
        Degas
        
        Renoir
      - Symbolist poets sought abstraction of language
        
        Mallarme, Verlaine, influenced by Edgar Allen Poe
    - - Some French composers were inspired by impressionist and Symbolist movements
      - Imitated the brush strokes of Impressionists
      - Experimentation with subtlety and ambiguity
        
        Major-minor system too predictable
        
        Blending timbres, veiled sounds
      - Extoicism
      - Spread of Nationalism
    - - Modal, Chromatic, Whole tone, Pentatonic scales
      - Unresolved dissonances
      - 9th chords
      - Rich Orchestral colors
        
        Sometimes dark, muted
      - Free rhythm
      - Programmatic
  - - - 1890s- Opera Pelleas and Melisande
  - - - Describes half-man/half-goat creature
      - Raw sensuality
    - - Fluid and rhapsodic
      - Novel tone colors and chords
- - - - Art Song, Lied (plural Leader)
        
        German texted solo song with piano accompaniment
      - Preexisting poetry
        
        Goethe, Heine
        
        Love, longing, beauty of nature
      - Song cycle = groups of Lieder unified by a narrative thread or common theme
      - Characteristics
        
        Identify the words of a song as carrying its meaning
        
        Music carries subtle intensity
        
        Interaction between text and music
        
        For amateurs and professionals
    - - Strophic
        
        The same music repeated for each stanza
      - Through-composed
        
        No repetitions of whole sections, the music changes according to the text
      - Modified Strophic
        
        The same melody may be repeated for a few stanzas, but new material introduced when poem requires it
    - - Born in Vienna
      - Concerts- Schubertiads
      - Public recognition while still a teen
      - Career built on intimate musical performances in people’s homes
      - Died at age 31; buried near Beethoven
    - - Ballad Legend of the Elfking: whoever he touches dies
      - Father and sick riding through the forest on a windy night, Elfking appears to the son, son dies
      - Piano opening sets the atmosphere, galloping
      - Four characters
    - - Born in Zwickau, Germany
      - Ambition to be a pianist, but injured his hand and turned to composition and criticism
      - 1830s courtship of composer/pianist Clara Wieck; married in 1840
        
        Clara foremost interpreter of husband’s music
      - After a suicide attempt, he was committed to an insane asylum
    - - Song cycle from 1840
      - Sixteen poems from Heinrich Heine
- - - - Evolution
        
        Renaissance court festivals and entertainments
        
        Attached to Operas
        
        18th Century ballet independent of opera
        
        19th Century French, then Russian preeminence
      - Actions synchronized to music
      - Inhuman physical demands
      - Famous Russian Choreographer- Marius Pepita
    - - Born in Russia
      - St. Petersburg Conservatory, age twenty-three
      - Taught at Moscow Conservatory
      - Money support by Nadezhda von Meck
      - Appealed to Western tastes
    - - Tchaikovsky was the giant of late nineteenth-century Russian ballet
        
        Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty, The Nutcracker
      - Written in 1892
      - Orchestral Suite came after the Ballet
      - Listening Examples
        
        Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy
        
        Trepak
        
        Chinese Dance
        
        Waltz of the Flowers
- - - - a cappella
      - Form
        
        Through-composed
      - Genre
        
        Italian Madrigal
      - Four voices
        
        Layered over each other
      - Texture
        
        Homophonic
      - Text
        
        Ten line poem
- - - - Genre
        
        English Madrigal
      - Form
        
        Short repeated sections
        
        ABABCC
      - Four voices
        
        SATB
      - Varied Texture
        
        Polyphonic
        
        Monophonic
        
        Homorhythmic
      - Six line poem
        
        Word painting
- - - - Form
        
        Through composed
        
        One voice and piano accompaniment
      - Genre
        
        Lied or Solo Song
      - Text
        
        Narrative Ballad by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
      - Characters
        
        Father
        
        Son
        
        Narrator
        
        Elfking
      - Urgent mood
      - Minor key
- - - - Genre
        
        Lied
      - Form
        
        Strophic
        
        The music is repeated throughout
        
        Two types
      - Voice and piano
        
        Solo voice
      - Texture
        
        Homophonic
      - Text
        
        Lyric poem by Heinrich Heine
- - - - Genre
        
        Ballet
        
        Orchestral Suite
      - Form
        
        Ternary
        
        ABA
      - Story
        
        By E.T.A Hoffman
      - Large Orchestra
      - Meter
        
        Duple
    - - Genre
        
        Ballet
        
        Orchestral Suite
      - Instruments
        
        Tambourine
      - Form
        
        Ternary
        
        ABA
- - - - Genre
        
        Symphonic Poem
        
        Symbolist poem by Stéphane Mallarmé
      - Texture
        
        Homophonic
      - Orchestra
        
        Mainly wind instruments
      - Form
        
        Ternary
        
        ABA
        
        Variations
      - Impressionist
- - - - Genre
        
        Orchestra
        
        Large ensemble
        
        Russian Ballet
      - Story
        
        Game of Abduction
      - Slow Tempo
      - Melody
        
        High Range of pitches
        
        Disjunct
        
        Irregular Accents
        
        Dissonant Chords
      - Majority Minor Key