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Scietific Revolution (Science and Society (Religion (Pascal (wanted to…

- - - - influenced by Descartes
      - Believed everything has a rational explanation
      - Freedom comes from when humans understand the order and necessity of nature and achieve detachment from passing interests
    - - wanted to keep science and religion together
      - Devised a theory of chance or probability and doing work on conic sections
      - Invented a calculating machine
      - Pensees : tried to convert rationalist to Christianity
- - - - Husband died, she applied to be assistant astronomer, denied even though high qualified
- - - - Ptolemaic conception
      - Earth is the center of the universe
      - Everything rotates (spheres) around a motionless earth
      - “Perfect” circular movements
      - God and all souls located beyond the last sphere
        
        Harmony with Christian thought and expectation
        
        God at the end and humans at the center
    - - Sun at the center of the universe
      - Copernicus conception
        (16th century)
        
        Still believed in Aristotle's circular orbits theory
        
        Raised questions to the rest of Aristotle’s theory even though Copernicus adhered to it
        
        Questioned humans role in the universe and the location of God
      - Kepler (17th century)
        
        Brahe's assistant
        
        Rejected geocentric system but couldn't accept that the earth moved
        
        created body of information used by Kepler later on
        
        believed universe was constructed on the basis of geometric figures
        
        believed harmony of human soul mirrored in numerical relations of the planets
        
        wanted to discover "music of spheres"
      - Galileo (17th century)
        
        1st European to use telescope to observe heavens
        
        mountains/craters on moon, Jupiter’s 4 moons, phases of Venus, and sun spots
        
        The Starry Messenger
        
        Firm believer in heliocentric system
        
        Church said Galileo could talk about it if he referred to it as a mathematical superstition only
        
        Heavens were no longer spiritual but a world made of matter
        
        wrote Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican
        
        Church found him guilty of teaching heliocentric system and placed under house arrest for 8 years
  - - - Principa demonstrated his universal law of gravity
        
        defined concepts of mechanics
        
        3 laws of motion
      - first to put Copernican, Keplar, and Galileion theories together
      - made secrets of natural wor.d known by human investigation
      - believed God was everywhere present: World Machine
- - - - 2nd century
      - based anatoym off disection of animals
      - believed in two blood systems
        
        muscular
        
        digestive
      - diagnose from urine quantity and quality
    - - vain/quick tempered
      - called self "monarch of physicians
      - "like cures like"
      - Father of modern medicine
        
        forerunner homeopathy and holistic medicine
      - paid special attention to diagnosis
      - 15th and16th century
    - - 16th and 17th century
      - On the Motion of the Heart and Blood
      - Proved the heart was at the beginning point of the circulatory system not the liver
    - - On the Fabric of The Human Body
      - Rectified many mistakes in Galen’s view on the human anatomy but not all
      - 16th century
  - - - 1st to conduct controlled experiments
      - Boyles law
      - 17th century
    - - created system on naming chemical elements
      - His wife, Marie-Anne, example that women played a role in the Scientific Revolution by being Lavoisier’s collaborator
      - 18th century
- - - - The English Royal Society
        
        No formal recognition
      - The French Royal Society
        
        Recognized by Louis XIV
        
        State support/ under government control
        
        Paid salaries
  - - - Variety of Journals
        
        Philosophical Transaction
        
        Royal Society
        
        Printed papers of members and learned correspondence
        
        Aimed at practicing scientists
        
        Prototype for scholarly journals
    - - Journal des Savants
        
        French
        
        Printed results of experiments as well as general scientific knowledge
        
        Appealed to scientists and educated public
- - - - Vesalius saw no different in the skeletons, but new anatomy came out proving that by nature women were inferior because of their smaller skulls
    - - gave men reasons to feel the need to control them