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Airway diseases (Silicosis (Types (Subacute/accelerated silicosis (Shorter…

- - - - Silica activated macrophages --> activated T lymphocytes
  - - - Shorter, heavier exposure
        2-5 years
      - Nodules >10mm in diameter
        Increased dyspnea
        Greater reductions in lung volumes
        Decreased diffusing capacity
    - - Very intense; high concentrations of fine dust exposure
        Common in those without PPE
      - Progressive massive fibrosis
    - - Small around opacities (<10mm in diameter) in both lungs
        May occasionally display mild restrictive defect even though pulmonary functioning test looks normal
      - More than 10 years<30% quartz
- - - - Serpentine (curly):
        Chrysotile
      - Needlelike (amphibiole):
        
        amosite
        
        crocidolite
        
        tremolite
        
        actinolite
        
        anthophyllite
        
        More carcinogenic because their straight shape allows them to penetrate the lungs
- - - - Metal acts as direct irritant, causing inflammation
    - - Involves sensitization
- - - - Allergic asthma
        
        Inflammatory response
        
        Airway remodeling
        
        Eosinophilic inflammation
        
        Airway hyperresponsiveness
        
        Increased eosinophils due to Th2 (T-helper 2)
      - Occupational asthma
        
        Types
        
        Without latency
        
        irritant-induced
        
        With latency
        
        Sensitization
        
        Causes
        
        Metals
        
        Plant substances
        
        Chemicals
        
        Respiratory irritants
        
        Animal substances
    - - Recurring periods of wheezing, chest tightness, SOB, coughing
      - Narrowed airway (limited airflow)
        Tightened muscles constrict airway
        Inflamed/thickened airway wall
        Mucus
  - - - Continual bronchial irritation and inflammation
        
        CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
        
        Excessive mucus produced,
        Chronic productive cough and sputum > 3 months/yr for at least 2 yrs
        Bronchospasm
        
        Airway obstruction
        Dyspnea
        Frequent infx
        
        Respiratory failure
        
        Lining of airways = irritated and inflammed
      - Breakdown of elastin in connective tissue of lung
        
        EMPHYSEMA
        
        Destruction of alveolar wall, lung fibrosis, and air trapping
        Air sacs loses shape and become floppy #
        
        Decreased gas exchange
        Decreased diffusion capacity
        Decreased pulmonary capillary bed
        Decreased diffusion capacity