Concept Map

observational studies and experiments

Sampling and surveys

bias

good sampling techniques

non-sampling error

designed survey

Sampling error

Vocabulary of experiments: Experimental units (subjects), factors, treatments, and response variables.

explain three principles of experiment

define lurking variable's affect

define placebo, blinding

differences between studies and experiments

examples for above

voluntary response sampling

undercoverage

convenience sampling

wording bias

non-response

response bias

Placebo is a fake testing condition like giving someone sugar pills.It gives the allusion of something being done which can cause its own effect.

sampling made from people who are easy to sample

people who actively choose to respond to the survey

missing a significant portion of a population

This is a set of questions that will disproportionately be one answer because of a unfair line of questions or survey.

Failure to obtain a measurement on one or more study variables

The tendency of a person to answer questions on a survey untruthfully or misleadingly

Cluster- The researcher divides the population in separate groups

SRS- sampling technique with a equal chance of anyone being selected for testing

Stratified SRS- sampler divides the population into groups called strata that should be representitive of the population

Prejudice in favor in or against one thing, person, or group compared with another

replication,randomization,control

Blinding is - when the people performing the experiment dont know who is being tested and who is under the placebo effect

The lurking variable

A well-designed experiment includes design features that allows researchers the eliminate extraneous variables

If you were taking a sample of people at a sports even and you pick the section closest to you.

Talking about a topic such as political opinions.

Answering which ethnicity group is the best.

usually a problem with mail surveys

Saying that drugs are bad but also that they can cure cancer.

Picking random people out of a large crowd

Groups are made out of one larger group, and the smaller groups are knows as cluster groups

subgroups are made from a larger group but the subgroups all have something in common.

Who is better boys or girls?

Gathering data from a group to answer a question

double blinding is when the person being tested and the person testing them dont know who is being tested in the example

the lurking variable would be something that affects the outcome of the experiment and is not controlled

the new york pain test where the more expensive test drug had the patients thinking they were feeling pain.

When the study is something uncontrolled is observed and experiments have controlled variables

randomization- is the data being randomly selected

control- is the baseline for the testing

replication- is being able to reproduce test results