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Enzymes (Classifications (Hydrolases (Add H2O to a chemical bond via…
Enzymes
Classifications
Hydrolases
Add H2O to a chemical bond via cleavage of another bond
Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase
Lyases
Carbonic Anhydrase
Elimination rxn. Don't use H2O
Transferases
Transfer chemical groups from one molecule to another
Creatinine phosphokinase
Isomerases
1,3- BPG Mutase
Oxidoreductases
Catalyze oxidation-reduction rxns
NADH: Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase
Ligases
Join two molecules at expense of ATP
Synthetases
Regulation
Covalent
Reversible: Enzyme phosphorylation
Irreversible: Zymogens
Gene Expression
Transcription factors
Isozymes
Non Covalent
Substrate concentration
Allosteric regulation
Product inhibition
Clinical Considerations
Imatinib
Blocks ATP binding on Bcr-Abl
Interacts with threonine residue
Mutant Bcr-Abl has bulkier isoleuicine which can allow both ATP and imatinib to bind
Isozymes
Creatinine Phosphokinase
MB Isozyme= heart
MM isozyme= skeletal muscle
BB isozyme= brain
Pancreatitis via trypsinogen
Trypsin autodigestion
Trypsin inhibitor SPINK
Chymotrypsin C
Kinetics
Reaction
Pass water shell
Substrate binds
Binding energy released
Active Site Components
Metal Ions
Cu,Zn, Mg, Fe
Coenzymes
Polypeptide
Inhibition
Types
Reversible (non-covalent)
Non-competitive
Binds E at another site
Uncompetitive
Binds ES at another site
Competitve
Binds E at its active site
Irreversible
Suicide Inhibitors
Kinetically impossible
Covalent bond with fxn group