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The Peloponnesian War and the Fourth Century 6.1 (Campaigns of the Delian…
The Peloponnesian War and the Fourth Century 6.1
Massive loss of life during this century
War was seasonal (non in winter)
Campaigns of the Delian league
Engament in Egypt (Memphis) = disaster
Important for agriculture/grains
Fed much of Greece
Want Megara for buffer against the Peloponnese
Trying to build a wall of allies
Move the treasury to Athens, not more meetings
Now Athenian empire
Offers required by subject states
Athens is also worried about the helots
Offers Sparta help, which is rejected
Athens declared themselves victors of the Persian war, though no treaty.
30 yrs of peace?
Athens invades Delphi
Athens withdraws from Boeotia & central Greece
Threat of Spartan invasion
Athens regains control of Euboea
Mid 5th Cent. Pericles dominates politics
After, Athens relies on not so reliable politicians
Radical reforms
Citizenship only to those with Athenian parents (both), previously only father
Too many citizens
More mixed marriages due to trade
Payment of civil services to poor
Assembly and law courts had Ultimate authority
Election by lot (but not generals, it would rick incompetence of army leadership)
Archons less important,
Generals now have more power
Citizens assembly (Ekklesia) controlled by Boule of 500
Boule advised by the prytaneis (council)
Boule approves before before presented to assembly
Athenian citizens can:
own land
Participate in democracy
Pay taxes
Serve in the military
Metics (immigrant) pay taxes and serve in the military
Only extraordinary circumstances got you citizenship, otherwise your family will always be immigrants