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CIRCULATION, EXCRETION AND THEIR FUNCTIONS( GAS EXCHANGE AND…

- - - - Fibrin clot formation: 1. The clotting process begins when the endothelium( lumen of the vessel with a single layer of flattened epithelium) of a vessel is damaged exposing connective tissue in the vessel wall to blood. Platelets adhere to collagen fibers in the connective tissue and release a substance that makes nearby platelets sticky.
        
        The platelets form a plug that provides immediate protection against blood loss.
        
        Unless the break is very small, this plug is reinforced by fibrin clot.
- - - - Adult frog: lungs , skin
    - - Surfactant: coding of the alveoli- mixture (like oils and lipids of chemicals)- reduces surface tension in the trachea and helps prevent lung tissue from being together like wet sheet stick together.
      - Mucus: sticky material that is used to trap dust, bacteria and bring it up ( through cilia) in the form of phlegm, snot out for removal form the body.
- - - - Residual volume: air that was left behind in lungs.
- - - - ADH binds itself to the membrane receptor before entering the cell.
        
        Receptor triggers signal transduction.
        
        Vesicles with the aquaporin ( proteins) water channels are inserted int the membrane lining lumen of the collecting duct.
        
        Aquaporin channels then increase the reabsorption of water from the collecting duct into the interstitial fluid.