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Hypertension (Risk factors (Age, Race (Afro-Caribbean population have low…
Hypertension
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Examination
Deflate cuff - place diaphragm of stethoscope over brachial pulse then re-inflate to 20mmHg above mentally noted value. Release slowly by pushing down on red tap, no faster than 2-3mmHg per second.
Note the reading at first appearance of strong, repetitive sounds = systolic reading
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Keep releasing the pressure and when the sound disappears, this value is the diastolic reading.
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Introduce, obtain consent and check name and DOB
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Epidemiology
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Across all ages, men have a higher risk of hypertension
Management
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Seek expert advice if resistant hypertension - consider a further diuretic or an alpha-/beta-blocker
Pathophysiology
Increased peripheral resistance of small artierioles, which exerts more pressure on the walls.
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Over activation of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, due to increased sodium.
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Diagnosis
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Look for complications
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Urinalysis (protein, glucose)
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