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Diabetes (Type 1 Diabetes (Signs and Symptoms (3 P's (Polyphagia,…
Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
Incidence and Prevalence
Caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells
No insulin production
Islet auto- antibodies are measurable PRIOR to overt symptoms
Can be idiopathic (no autoimmune component + genetic component)
Pathophysiology
No Insulin
increases circulating glucose
serum becomes hyperosmolar
Osmotic Effects of Hyperglycemia
Polyuria: excessive urination
Polydipsia: excessive thirst
Polyphagia: excessive hunger
Osmotic Diuresis: cellular dehydration
loss of electrolytes especially k, glucosuria
Protein Breakdown: glycogenesis (glucose formed by non-carb breakdown)
weight loss
increase blood nitrogen
Body cells can not utilize glucose
Fat breakdown
Keytone production
Metabolic acidosis (DKA)
N&V
Kussmauls respiration's
Fruity breath
Renal failure
Hypovolmic Shock
Coma
death
Signs and Symptoms
3 P's
Polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia
Weight loss
Fatigue
Blurred Vision
Children: nocturnal enuresis
ketosis (fruity breath) and hyperglycemia
Type 2 Diabetes
Incidence and Prevalence
"adult onset" or "non-insuln dependent"
9.3% adults in US have Type 2
Gestational Diabetes