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Vessels (Fetal (fetal circulation starts when oxygenated blood enters the…
Vessels
Fetal
fetal circulation starts when oxygenated blood enters the umbilical vein
blood is then redirected to the inferior vena cava
bypassing the liver through the ductus venosus
oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix in the inferior vena cava
blood from the vena cavae is dumped into the R atrium
in the heart, the foramen ovale redirects blood from the R atrium to the L atrium
blood then flows to L ventricle to be pumped to the aorta
traces of blood enter the pulmo trunk, most of the blood is redirected to the aorta through the ductus arteriosus
blood travels through the fetal body
deoxygenated blood returns to placenta though a pair of umbilical arteries
nutrient and gas exchange occurs in the placenta, vicious cycle
Pulmonary
blood that is deoxygenated is pumped to the pulmo trunk by the R ventricle
pulmo trunk splits into L & R pulmo arteries that turn into arterioles and then capillaries
gas exchange occur in the pulmo arteries
blood flows from these capillaries into the pulmo veins
pulmo veins dump oxygenated into the L atrium
L atrium pumps blood into L ventricle and then to the aorta
Systemic
blood leaves the heart through the aorta
three vessels protrude from ascending aorta
L subclavian artery
brachiocephalic trunk
L carotid artery
aorta arches down to become descending thoracic aorta
once past the diaphragm, it becomes the descending abdominal aorta
branches into L & R common iliac arteries
blood returns to the heart through great veins
superior vena cava
drains the upper limbs, thoracic, and some lumbar veins
inferior vena cava
drains lower limbs and the hepatic portal system
Coronary
L & R coronary arteries supply the heart wall
the right coronary artery branches further
forming the marginal artery and the posterior interventricular artery
the left coronary artery branches further
forming the circumflex artery and the anterior interventricular artery
coronary veins drain the heart wall
three main coronary veins and coronary sinus
middle cardiac vein
small cardiac vein
great cardiac vein
coronary sinus drains veins of the heart wall and dumps blood into the L atrium
Hepatic
hepatic portal vein
a combination of the three main vessels of the abdomen
the splenic vein
the inferior mesenteric vein
the superior mesenteric vein
hepatic portal vein takes blood to the hepatic portal system
blood is processed here and detoxed if necessary
receives content from the spleen as well
these include salvageable components of RBC destruction
Placental
systemic arteries from the mother bring oxygenated blood and nutrients to the placenta
these are exchanged with fetal blood and pick up any fetal waste as well
placental veins take this blood back to the systemic veins of the mother