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EATING DISORDERS (SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS (3 elements (Media exposure to…

- - - - Patriarchal social values: girls learn to view their own bodies as a commodity with the purpose to please the male gaze
      - Social Learning Theory: they become to believe this about themselves and see themselves 'as men see them' - internalization
      - Put inward pressure on self to meet 'ideal' standards i.e. thinness
      - Un-achievability of beauty standards leads to perpetual dissatisfaction with self... causes women to be more vulnerable to ED
      - Gay/bisexual men have higher body confidence than straight men... they are objects of male gaze and experience a boost not a decrease...
        
        But patriarchal values don't teach us that men are commodities for men. This might be true for gay/bi individuals but it is not a social norm so psychopathy would not be affected in the same way as for women
        
        And there is qualitative evidence that actually, gay men feel that gay culture puts more pressure on them to conform to body ideals
- - - - disturbed experience of own body shape/ weight + its impact on self-evaluation
      - Persistent denial of seriousness of condition
      - fear of gaining weight OR behaviour intended to interfere with weight gain e.g. obsessive exercise
      - Restriction energy intake, low body weight
    - - RESTRICTING: 3 months, no evidence of binging or purging. Weight loss accomplished by dieting/fasting and/or exercise
      - BINGING/ PURGING: 3 months, episodes of binging OR purging behaviour
        
        binging: eating excessive amounts with no feeling of control over eating habits
        
        purging: self-induced vomiting, laxatives, diuretics etc
- - - - Frontal lobes: behaviour regulation (AN)
      - Amygdala: fear, emotions (AN)
- - - - Eating concern
      - Shape concern
      - Restraint
      - Weight concern
- - - - Males highest incidence between ages 10-14
      - Females highest incidence between age 15-19
  - - - 2014 AN 1.7% BN 0.8% BINGE 2.3% prevalence in population Smink
    - - 2012 AN 0.3% BN 0.5% BINGE 2% prevalence in population Strother (less in Europe than US)
      - Often undertreated + overlooked due to being misunderstood/ less likely to seek help/ stigma and stereotyping that ED are female issues
- - - - explains binging and purging behaviour
      - "fuck it" when set self unrealistic goals of not eating, once threshold passed binging occurs
- - - - Low
        
        weight suppression
        
        depression
        
        binge/purge behaviour
        
        comorbidity
      - High
        
        motivation to recover
        
        interpersonal relationships
        
        BMI
        
        family support
  - - - anti-anxiety/ anti-depressants
  - - - CBT most effective - for all EDs!
      - Family-based treatment (AN & BN)
      - BN specifically
        
        Therapist-guided self-help
        
        Healthy-weight programme
      - Binging
        
        Dialectical behaviour therapy
        
        Interpersonal psychotherapy
- - - - C14 St Catherine of Sienna died age 30 + was known to barely eat... linked to religious piety
      - C16 Mary Queen of Scots: weakness, sickliness, v low food consumption + some evidence of increased exercise e.g. horseriding