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TASTE (Taste Pathway (dropped image link, dropped image link, Axons of 3…

- - - - taste buds
        
        Type II
        "receptor cells"
        
        sweet, bitter, umami
        
        Sweet
        T1R2 + T1R3
        
        Umami
        T1R1 + T1R3
        
        Tuned to one taste
        
        G-protein receptors
        
        ATP flows out of cell
        
        No SNAP - 25 #
        
        stimualtes enzyme phospholipase C
        
        tastant binds to receptor
        
        activate G-protein
        
        Increase production IP3
        
        Ion channels (TRPM5) open --> Na+ in
        depolarization
        
        Ca2+ from cell storage released
        neurotransmitter release
        
        pannexin 1 hemmichannels
        
        Type III
        "presynaptic cells"
        
        sour
        
        Polarization of membrane by proton current
        
        high acidity --> low pH
        
        Intracellular acidification
        inhibiting K+ channel --> depolarization
        
        Open voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels
        
        Trigger release of neurotransmitters
        serotonin
        
        respond to 3 taste
        
        salt
        
        Low concentrations:
        Amilorade - sensitive Na+ Channel (AI)
        ENaC
        
        Na+ diffuses down concentration gradient into cell
        
        Membrane depolarizes
        
        Voltage-gated Ca2+ and Na+ channels open
        
        Trigger release of neurotransmitters
        
        High concentrations:
        Amilorade - insensitive Na+ Channel (AI)
        
        ionotropic
        
        Type I
        
        glial-like support cells
        
        ATP released by Type II cells can activate neighboring Type III cells
        cell-cell interaction # #
      - 3 types
        1.circumvallate
        2.foliate
        3.fungiform