Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 3 (3,5 (Mass is a measure of the amount of matter that an object…
Chapter 3
3,5
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter that an object contains.
Weight is a measure of force that is equal to the gravitational pull on an object.
Mass is independent of location, while weight depends on location.
3.8
A conversion factor is a ratio of equivalent measurements.
Dimensional analysis is a technique that uses the units (dimensions) of the measurement in order to correctly solve problems.
3.4
Length is the measurement of the extent of something along its greatest dimension.
Volume is the amount of space occupied by a sample of matter.
Volume can be determined by knowing the length of each side of the item.
3.1
The SI system is based on multiples of ten.
There are seven basic units in the SI system.
Five of these units are commonly used in chemistry.
3.3
Scientific notation allows us to express very large or very small numbers in a convenient way.
This notation uses a coefficient (a number between 1 and 10) and a power of ten sufficient for the actual number.
3.7
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in matter.
The Fahrenheit scale defines the freezing point of water as 32°F and the boiling point as 212°F.
The Celsius scale sets the freezing point and boiling point of water at 0°C and 100°C respectively.
The Kelvin scale is based on molecular motion, with the temperature of 0 K, also known as absolute zero, being the point where all molecular motion ceases.
3.2
Metric prefixes derive from Latin or Greek terms.
The prefixes are used to make the units manageable.
3.6
Energy is the capacity to do work or to produce heat.
Kinetic energy is the energy due to motion.
Potential energy is energy stored in matter.
The joule (J) is the SI unit of energy and equals kg • m2/s2.
3.10
A derived unit is a unit that results from a mathematical combination of SI base units.
Calculations involving derived units follow the same principles as other unit conversion calculations.
-
3.15
Significant figures give an indication of the certainty of a measurement.
Rules allow decisions to be made about how many digits to use in any given situation.
3.11
Density is the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume.
Gases are less dense that either solids or liquids
Both liquid and solid materials can have a variety of densities
For liquids and gases, the temperature will affect the density to some extent.
Review
3.17
For multiplication and division problems, the answer should be rounded to the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the least number of significant figures.
3.13
Definitions of accepted value and experimental value are given.
Calculations of error and percent error are demonstrated.
3.12
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measurement is to the correct or accepted value of the quantity being measured.
Precision is a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another.
3,18
For addition and subtraction problems, the answer should be rounded to the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the least number of decimal places.
3.16
Rounding involves the adjustment of a value to account for the proper number of significant digits.
Rules exist for rounding of numbers.
3.14
Uncertainty exists in all measurements.
The degree of uncertainty is affected in part by the quality of the measuring tool.