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Cardiovascular System: Vessels & Circulation :star: (Fetal (oxygenated…
Cardiovascular System: Vessels & Circulation :star:
Fetal
oxygenated blood enters the umbilical vein.
Blood is shunted away from the liver and sent to the inferior vena cava through the
ductus venosus
.
Oxygenated blood in the ductus venosus mixes with deoxygenated blood in the inferior vena cava.
Blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae drains into the right atrium.
Most blood is shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium via the
foramen ovale
.
This blood flows into the left ventricle and then is pumped to the aorta.
Some blood enters the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.
Most of this blood, however, is shunted away from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta via the
ductus arteriosus
.
Blood goes thorough the rest of fetus, then deoxygenated blood returns to the placenta through a pair of
umbilical arteries
.
Pulmonary
Deoxygenated blood is pumped out of the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk.
Pulmonary trunk bifurcates into left and right pulmonary arteries that lead to their respective lungs.
Pulmonary arteries eventually become pulmonary capillaries.
Gas exchange occurs through diffusion in the capillaries and oxygenated blood flows to pulmonary veins.
A total of four pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood back to the left atrium.
Coronary
Right and left coronary arteries emerge from the wall of the ascending aorta to supply myocardium.
Right coronary artery
Marginal and posterior interventricular arteries.
Left coronary artery
Circumflex and anterior interventricular arteries.
Coronary veins.
Great cardiac, middle cardiac, and small cardiac veins drain the myocardium of deoxygenated blood.
These three veins empty into the coronary sinus.
The coronary sinus is found posteriorly and empties into the right ventricle.
Systemic
Arteries
Blood is pushed out from left ventricle into ascending aorta. Gives rise to three main arteries.
Left subclavian
Supplies left upper limb.
Brachiocephalic
Right common carotid artery supplies the right side of the head and neck.
Right subclavian artery supplies right upper limb.
Left common carotid
Supplies left side of the head and neck.
Aorta
Aortic arch curves down to become descending thoracic aorta.
Descending abdominal aorta
Supplies abdominal walls and organs.
Right and left common iliac arteries
Supply lower limbs.
Veins
Three vessels return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium: superior and inferior vena cavae, and the coronary sinus.
Superior vena cava
The left and right brachiocephalic veins merge to form this great vein.
Inferior vena cava
Formed from veins that are found below the diaphragm.
Drains blood from lower limbs, pelvis, and abdominal structures.
Coronary sinus
Drains myocardium of deoxygenated blood.
Hepatic
Blood from the digestive organs and the spleen is directed to the hepatic portal system.
Three veins merge together to form the hepatic portal vein. The splenic, superior and inferior mesenteric veins.
Leading to the liver.
The liver processes nutrients and detoxifies the blood from potentially harmful substances that were absorbed from the digestive organs.
The liver also receives products of erythrocyte destruction from the spleen.
Some of these components are recycled for further use.
Placental
Arteries take oxygenated maternal blood to the placenta.
Nutrients and gas is exchanged with fetal blood.
Veins take back fetal cellular waste back to the maternal systemic circulation.