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Unit 3: Westward Expansion (Slavery (Missouri Compromise 1820 (Draws a…
Unit 3: Westward Expansion
1.Native Americans
Manifest Destiny- Belief U.S would stretch from Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean
Three Themes
Westward Expansion through Agrarian America
It was America's Destiny
Values of American People
Indian Removal Act 1830
Passed by Andrew Jackson, hero of war of 1812 who fought with Indians
Consequences
Forever divides the Natives and the U.S
Leads to the 4 plain wars
Directly leads to Trail of Tears
4 Plain wars
Little Big Horn (June 25-26, 1876) in Montana, tribes involved Sioux and Cheyenne, Indians win
Red River War (1868) in Southern Plains/Oklahoma involved tribes Comanche
Sand Creek Massacre (Nov.29, 1864) in Colorado, involved tribes Cheyenne and Arapaho, Indians lost
Wounded Knee (Dec. 28, 1890) in South Dakota involved tribe Sioux, 350 killed and last of plain wars
A series of treaties that moved Natives further west, tribes who didn't leave were forced to leave by the U.S Army
Mexican-American War
Annexation of Texas:incorporate territory into an existing political party
Texas and the United States agreed to make Texas the 28th state in 1845.
Keeping slavery legal a must
Texas declares independence from Mexico in 1836
Mexico was angry about the Annexation of Texas, they would attack American troops along Rio Grande
Mexican President Santa Anna tells President Polk he will end the war peacefully, (Psyche!)
Santa Anna instead attacks American Army
American troops were sent by President Polk
Santa Anna loses badly and the American Army continues South, taking Mexico City in 1847
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo-1848
Officially ends Mexican-American War
Mexico gives New Mexico and California to America
Gadsden Purchase-1853
United States wants this land for railroads
United States pays Mexico $10 million for all territory along the Gila River
Slavery
Remained an American Institution after Revolutionary War
Triangle Trade: System of trading that brought slaves to American colonies in exchange for goods
Brought to America by British in 16th Century
Triangle Trade
Africa exports slaves
America Exports, sugar, tobacco, cotton(harvested by slaves
Europe exports clothes, rum, & manufactured goods from Europe
How many slaves?
12.5 million slaves were brought to the America's
10.5 million survived the trip know as 'the middle passage'
Only 400,000 thousand sent to American colonies
Slavery in the U.S
New technology changes American
(Railroads, steel mills, machines, oil, etc.) (Most developed in the North)
Early America was an Agrarian society (Dependent on Slaves)
North Vs. South
North grows fast (steel, railroads, infrastructure)
Southern remained dependent on slaves, agrarian. (cotton, tobacco, wheat, little to no industry
Missouri Compromise 1820
Draws a line through Louisiana territory (no slavery north of 36-30 latitude)
Missouri added as a slave state
Agreement passed by Congress that keeps the balance of slave states and free states
Maine added as a free state
Who should decide?
South believe in states rights
popular sovereignty: idea that the states should determine legality of slavery
North believed that federal government should decide
Who protects the workers?
Textile workers: Mostly children ages 13-16, made 27 cents an hour
Woman: in 1899 woman made $267 a year, average man made $500
Labor Unions
Provide better working conditions(multiple exits, sprinklers,etc.)
Provide better pay
Protect workers
Congress passed 8 hour work day in 1868
