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SEDIMENTATION (CONCEPTS (FLOW OF PROCESS ((1) Mixture of solid and liquid,…
SEDIMENTATION
CONTINUOUS SEDIMENTATION
Industrial wastewater treatment a.k.a Clarified thickener unit
Video: Continuous Thickener
CONCEPTS
DEFINITION
Occurs in a mixture of liquid and solid matter
matters with different densities
gravity force drives one phase relatives to the other
FLOW OF PROCESS
(1) Mixture of solid and liquid
(2) Homogenous suspension (after shaking)
(3) Sedimentation starts, particles settle down
(4) Process stops after all rest in the bottom
RESULTANT FORCE
Gravity
Buoyant
Frictional
FALLING
Accelerated
Constant-velocity
FLOW
Laminar flow
Turbulent flow
GRAVITATIONAL SEDIMENTATION
Separation based on...
Size
Shape
Density
Viscosity
Centrifugal force
COAGULATION
Destabilization of colloids (neutralizing forces that kept them apart)
(1) Cationic coagulants being put into the solution
(2) React with negative charge of particles dissolved in water
(3) Neutralize negative charges of particles
(4) Van der waal's forces drift particles together forming microflocs
FLOCCULATION
Process of forming large clumps (increase the size of suspended particles)
(1) Flocculant is added
(2) React with positively charged suspension
(3) Forming intermolecular bridges between flocs
(4) Microflocs agglomerate together forming macroflocs
LAW OF SEDIMENTATION
Stokes' Law
