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Week 7: Surveys and Sampling (types of q (multiple choice (mutually…
Week 7: Surveys and Sampling
non probability sampling; convenience + providing insight; not to general wider population
convenience sample
purposive/judgmental sampling
quota sampling
network/snowballing sampling
volunteer sampling
probability sampling
stratified random sampling
systematic sampling
random sampling
multistage cluster sampling
cluster sampling
sampling error: degree to which the sample statistics differ from the parameter of the population from which it was selected
types of surveys
cross sectional (quicker and cheaper)
longitudinal (better sense of cause and effect)
trend
trends over time; not looking at same group of people
cohort
different people from same population; no cause and effect bc not same individuals
panel
sampling sample people; can have less people if people leave; more in=depth annalyis--> same individuals; no cause and effect but more detail
cross-lagged
determines cause and effect
independent and dependent variable at several time points; needs panel data
panel studies with cross-lagged surveys can provide causality results
advantages and disadvantages of survey
research validity
internal validity (-)
always low
no alternative explanations for causal conclusions
external validity (+)
generalizable to wider population
units of analysis represent the population
only with large and random sample
survey mode
types of q
dichotomous
open ended
close ended
multiple choice
mutually exclusive
check any
rank question
likert scale
semantic differential scale
sampling terms
population
concensus
sample
parameters
statistics
sampling from
sample size depends on...
desired level of statistical confidence
purpose of research
homogeneity of population
time and resources available for research
unit non-response
consequences
item non response
consequences:
A series of formatted questions delivered to a defined sample of people with the expectation of responses immediately or within a few days.
item non-response
unit non-response