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Community (Epidemiology
The study of health-related trends in populations…
Community
Epidemiology
The study of health-related trends in populations for the purposes of disease prevention, health maintenance, and health protection.
Prevalence
Rate that is used to measure the existence of a particular disease by analyzing the number of existing cases in the population at a specific time.
Seen as [(# of existing cases/ population total) x 1,000 = Number per 1,000]
Crude Mortality Rate
Rate that is used to provide information about the causes of deaths in the population.
Seen as [(# of deaths/ population total) x 1,000 = Number per 1,000].
Incidence
Rate that is used to measure the existence of a particular disease by analyzing the number of new cases in the population at a specific time.
Seen as [(# of new cases/ population total) x 1,000 = Number per 1,000]
Infant Mortality Rate
Rate that is used to provide information about the causes of deaths of infants in the population.
Seen as [(# of infant deaths before 1 year of age/ # of live births in same year) x 1,000 = Number per 1,000]
Components
People
Involves the people living within the community, includes those within the vulnerable/marginalized populations
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Prevention Strategies
Primary
Focuses on reducing risk factors and avoiding unhealthy practices and habits. (Ex. Exercise promotion).
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Tertiary
Focuses on limiting disease progression after diagnosis to minimize its effects. (Ex. Nutritional counselling).
Primary Health Care
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Principles
-Accessibility
-Public Participation
-Health Promotion
-Use of Appropriate Technology
-Intersectoral Collaboration
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Definition
A group of people who share a geographic (locational) dimension and a social (relational) dimension.
Parts of a Community Assessment
-Environmental Scan
-Assessment of Needs
-Investigation of Problems
-Evaluation of Resources
Standards for Community Health Nurses
-Promotion of Health
-Protection of Health
-Health Maintenance, Restoration & Palliation
-Creation of Professional Relationships
-Capacity Building
-Advocation for Access & Equity
-Professional Responsibility & Accountability
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