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Fungi (OTHERS KEY (Cryptococcus :pen: (Thick glycoprotein helps extract…

- - - - Development of trush :tada:
      - UTIs
      - Lung infection with endobronchial and hematogenous spread
      - Candidemia
        
        Infect all layers of heart
        
        Spread to kidney, perinephric abscess or papillary necrosis
        
        Perforatio of GIT, peritoneal infection
  - - - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
        
        Asthema like symptoms Hypersensitivity reaction
      - Invasive aspergillosis
        
        Begins at lungs :tada:
- - - - Infection in skin and hair, ability to obtain nutrients from keratinized material
      - Inflammation is a host response, not caused by fungi
      - Restricted to non-living cornified layer of epidermis, inability to penetrate viable tissue
      - If invade subcutaneous, it will form a kerion
    - - Wood lamp's examination
      - Direct microscopy of 30% KOH to identify hyphae and spores
      - Saboroud's agar
      - Special stains:
        
        Gomori silver methanamine
        
        Periodic acid stiff stain
        
        Parker's ink (Trichosporon beigellii)
        
        India's ink (Crytpcoccus)
    - - Trichophyton :pen:
        
        T. mentagraphyte var granulare
        
        Spiral hyphae
        
        SKIN AND HAIR
        
        T.mentagraphyte var interdigitale
        
        Spiral hyphae
        
        GROIN and FOOT
        
        "Hong kong foot" :tada:
        
        Spread via wet surface and close contact
        
        T. rubrum
        
        SKIN AND NAIL
        
        Spread via wet surface and close contact
        
        Most common fungal infection in SG :tada:
      - Microsporum Canis :pen:
        
        SCALP AND HAIR
        
        Acquired from dogs and cats
      - Epidermophyton floccusum :pen:
        
        GROIN AND FOOT
        
        Human Transmission
  - - - Causes White peidra :tada:
        
        infection of scalp hair forming white granules
      - hyphae and spores taken up by PARKER'S INK shows WRINKLED COLONIES :tada:
    - - Thick wall RHOMBOID hyphae
      - Causes Black peidra :tada:
        
        infection of scalp hair forming black granules
    - - Fast growing black colonies :tada:
      - Causes onchomyosis (tinea nail)
    - - Causes otomyosis
        
        Fungal ball in outer ear :tada:
    - - Corneal Ulcers :tada:
    - - Thick walled yeast
        
        Sphagetti and meatball appearance :tada:
      - Requires oil to grow
      - Normal flora
      - Tinea versicolour :tada:
      - Folliculitis
        
        Dermatitis
        
        Peritonitis
        
        Dandruff
    - - CLASSIC: Tinea nigra:tada:
        
        Hyperpigmented (dark/reddish) macule on palms and soles