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CALIPHATE (THE FOUR CALIPHS (UTHMAN (third caliph, extend control to…
CALIPHATE
THE FOUR CALIPHS
UMAR
shaped Ummah's policy of expansion and power
twin objectives
control
income
annexation campaigns
Byzantine Empire
Sassanian Empire
3 successful campaigns
UTHMAN
third caliph
extend control to Central Asia
Administrative reforms
main social change in the society
ABU BAKR
suppressed the revolts
founder of caliphate
first caliph
Muhammad's father in law
ALI
Division of Islam
Shias and Sunnis
Muawiyas and Kharijis
two battles
Basra
kufa
fourth caliph
After him
Assassinated
Hussain became next caliph
Muawiya take control in 661
founded Umayyad Dynasty
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
ruling class
Non- muslim population paid tax
soldiers at territory boundary
jews and christians (Dhimmis)
AFTER MUHAMMAD's DEATH
RISE OF UMMAH
RISE OF RASHIUDIN CALIPHATE
RISE OF UMAYYAD CALIPHATE
ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE
treasury, revenue from
taxes paid by muslims
booty
new positions
Ashraf
Amir
The UMAYYAD CALIPHATE
