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Physiological Ecology (physics in 3D world (also heat regulation (why imp?…

- - - - as SA increases, SA to vol ratio decreases
        
        SA - s^2
        
        vol - - s^3
  - - - temp affects rate of rxns
        
        as temp incre, rate of rxn incre
        
        not all rxns incre at same rate
        
        Q10
        
        2- rate doubles every time temp goes up 10 deg
        
        most biochem not just one enzyme
        
        enzyme pathways
        
        not all same Q10 val, then rate of rxn from A to E affected
        
        1 more item...
      - temp affect struc
        
        temp affects lipid bilayer w unsaturated phospholipds
        
        fluid at lower temp
        
        can get too fluid/loose
    - - can just deal w chgs in temp or live in small range of conditions
        
        endotherms
        
        rely on a lot of E to maintain internal temp in a narrow range
        
        thermal neutral zone
        
        ext envir at certain range, not using E
        
        at colder, warmer temp, use a lot of E
        
        smaller organisms use a lot of E to maintain temp
        
        have a lot of SA, lose heat
        
        many solutions
        
        3 more items...
      - can regulate body temp, keep it same
        
        ectotherms
        
        rely on external sources, dont spend a lot of E to maintain (dont use food to become warm)
        
        eg. snake on hot rock becomes warm
        
        diff strategies
        
        a fish changes set of enzymes
- - - - # of solutes per vol
        
        1 mol glucose = 1 mol solute
        
        1 mol NaCl = 2 mol solute
        
        milli-osmoles per liter = mosm/L
    - - osmoconformers
        
        let it happen (water in or out), same osmolarity as outside
        
        **organisms can't have 0 mosm, so if they live in freshwater, would have higher osm than outside
        
        spend lot of E to make sure solute conc is what they want them to be
        
        conc of each type of molec may not be the same
      - osmoregulators
        
        make sure inside stays at specific osmolarity
        
        example
        
        saltwater fish
        
        high salt outside; drink lots of water, solid uric acid, NaCl exits by gills
        
        freshwater fish
        
        opp prob, opp solutions; low salt outside, take up salts in food, by gills, dilute urine
        
        water balance on land
        
        water leaves by air, cant uptake from around
        
        solutinos
        
        lose little water through urine
        
        drinking/eating (metabolic water)
        
        water balance in plants
        
        ctrl loss of water in leaves
        
        more aquaporins
        
        incre rate of flow (NOT direction of flow)
        
        water transport in xylem
        
        neg pr; water needs to stay connected to be pulled up
        
        1 more item...
        
        gets to leaves
        
        1 more item...
        
        path of water
        
        xylem
        
        cell wall of mesophyll cells
        
        1 more item...
- - - - have to deal with...
        
        responding to stimuli
        
        moving (toward or away from food or danger)
        
        pathogens and parasites
        
        maintaining internal homeostasis
        
        homeostasis
        
        enzymes
        
        optimal at specific temp
        
        body trying to maintain temp
        
        stop working things fall apart
        
        metabolic waste
        
        energy
        
        water/salt
        
        temp
- - - - size and heat
        
        more mass difficult to deal w
        
        get rid of heat
    - - too much/little water
        
        conc determines what can happen
    - - descent w modification