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Heart Failure
The heart's inability to provide sufficient oxygenated…
Heart Failure
The heart's inability to provide sufficient oxygenated blood to meet body's need.
Epidemiology
Estimated over 650,000 New Case of Heart Failure Each Year
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Pathophysiology
Left-Sided Heart Failure
Restlessness
Confusion
Orthopnea
Tachycardia
Exertional Dyspnea
Fatigue
Cyanosis
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
Elevated Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure
Pulmonary Congestion: Cough, Crackles, Wheezes, Blood-Tinged Sputum, Tachypnea
Right-Sided Heart Failure
Fatigue
Increased Peripheral Venous Pressure
Ascites
Hepatosplenomegaly
Distended Jugular Veins
Peripheral Edema
GI Distress
Weight Gain
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Diagonstics
Blood Test
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)
Kidney, Liver, and Thyroid Function
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Treatment
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Medications
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
enalapril (Vasotec), lisinopril (Zestril),captopril (Capoten)
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Beta Blockers
carvedilol (Coreg), metoprolol (Lopressor), bisoprolol (Zebeta)
Diuretics
Loop: furosemide (Lasix)
Thiazide Diuretics: hydrochorothiazide
Potassium-Sparing:spironolactone (Aldactone), eplerenone (Inspra)
Inotropes
Dopamine, Dobutamine
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Diets
Low Sodium, Restrictive Fluids
Julie Montes
November 1, 2017
Concept Map Unit 4
Pharmacology, NUR 206
Semester 3
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