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Sign and symptoms of the ear diseases (Dizziness and vertigo (Dizziness:…
Sign and symptoms of the ear diseases
Ear wax
yellowish-brown mass consisting of the secretion of the sebaceous and ceruminous glands, desquamated epithelium, hair and dirt.
relieved with detergent ear drops (eg, 3% hydrogen peroxide; 6.5% carbamide peroxide), mechanical removal, suction, or irrigation.
Wax is a normal secretion of the ear
it can accumulate and cause: pain, hearing loss conductive, blockage
Treatment: irrigation with water at 37.0 C to avoid a vestibular caloric response.
Irrigation should be performed only when the tympanic membrane is known to be intact.
Hearing should be tested after this procedure.
Foreign bodies of EAC
more in children.
may be removed with a loop or a hook, with Microscopic guidance.
Aqueous irrigation should not be performed for organic foreign bodies (eg, beans, insects), because water may cause them to swell.
Living insects are best immobilized before removal by filling the ear canal with lidocaine.
In small children using general anestesia.
Ear pain
Causes:
• Wax impacted in the ear
• otitis media & externa
• Fluid in the ear
• Fungal infection
• Foreign body
• Injury over the ear
Most
commonly in external and acute otitis media
.
Pain out of proportion to the physical findings may be due to herpes zoster oticus.
Persistent pain and discharge suggest osteomyelitis of the skull base or cancer.
Pain is exacerbated by chewing and may be associated with dental malocclusion.
Otalgia
The
sensory innervation
of the ear is derived from the CN.V,VII,IX,X and upper cervical nerves.
Because of this rich innervation, referred otalgia is quite frequent.
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction is a common cause of referred ear pain.
Management includes
soft die
t, local heat to the masticatory muscles, massage, NSAIDs, and dental referral.
Repeated episodes of occur in glossopharyngeal neuralgia.
carbamazepine often confers substantial symptomatic relief.
Infections and neoplasia that involve the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx cause otalgia.
Tinnitus
annoying sensation of hearing sound when no external sound is present.
Age-related hearing loss, Exposure to loud noise, Earwax blockage, Otosclerosis, Meniere's disease, Problems with the temporomandibular joint, Acoustic neuroma, Atherosclerosis, Head and neck tumors, High blood pressure, Narrowing in a carotid artery or jugular vein, Ototixic drugs (aspirin,furosemide, antidepressants)
Otorrhea
discharge. It may be serous, serosanguineous, or purulent. Associated symptoms may include ear pain, fever, pruritus, vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss.
• Acute otitis media with perforation (common) especially in kids
• Chronic otitis media (with a perforation of the eardrum, cholesteatoma, or both)
• Otitis externa
• The most serious causes are necrotizing external otitis and cancer of the ear
Dizziness and vertigo
Dizziness: used to describe various related sensations, including
• Faintness ( a feeling of impending syncope)
• Light-headedness
• Feeling of imbalance
• A spinning sensation
Vertigo is a false sensation of movement of the self or the environment. It's is not a diagnosis—it is a description of a sensation.
• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
• Meniere’s disease
• Vestibular neuronitis
• Labyrinthitis
Facial palsy
• Loss of forehead wrinkles
• Bell’s phenomenon
• Nasal tip pointing away
• Flattened nasofacial groove
• Ramsay Hunt syndrome, which is due to herpes zoster
• Sarcoidosis
• Lyme disease
• Petrous bone fractures
• Carcinomatous or leukemic nerve invasion
• Chronic meningitis
• Cerebellopontine angle or glomus jugulare tumors
• Diabetes
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