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Web Architecture Week 2 Lecture 6 Formats: HTML5 (Sections (<nav>,…
Web Architecture
Week 2 Lecture 6
Formats: HTML5
History
2004 - started by WHATWG
2007 - adopted by W3C
2014 - W3C Recomendation
Largely driven by browser manufactorers
Why HTML5?
Usage of HTML had changed
Greater emphasis on JavaScript- based web applications (XMLHttpRequest, AJAX)
Concerns about the widespread use of Adobe Flash for interactivity (openness, reliability, security, performance)
Concerns about consistency handling invalid markup (browser "quirks modes")
Overuse of generic semantics-light markup (div and span for everything)
Design principles
Compatability
Support existing content
Degrade gracefully
Utility
Separation of concerns (content versus presentation)
Priority of constituencies
Interoperability
Well-defined behaviour
Graceful error-handling
Universal access
In practice
Define what should happen when a browser gets bad markup
(cannot assume well-formed or valid HTML)
Define APIs that improve programmatic access to document
and browser
(HTML5 as Flash-killer)
Define markup that better captures document semantics
(better alternatives to span and div)
HTML5 parsing
HTML 4.01 / XHTML
Declarative definition
Describes the structure, but not how the structure should be
processed
Behaviour with ill-formed or invalid documents is undefined
HTML5
Procedural definition
Describes the process by which a compliant implementation should
parse an HTML5 document (i.e. state machine)
Defines behaviour with ill-formed or invalid documents
Structure
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<body>
Metadata
Document title <title>
Base URL <base>
Document level links <link>
Presnetation information <style>
Other metadata <meta>
Sections
<nav>
<header>
<footer>
<article>
<aside>
<section>
<h1> ...
<address>
Grouping
Paragraphs
Lists
Figures
Quotations
Miscellaneuos
Tabular data
Forms
Structured data entry widgets
Various elements for structuring text
e.g. Emphasis
e.e. Abbrevioations
Embedded content
Images
Multimedia
Nested documents
Miscellaneous