CELLS
Types of cells
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
- Single celled
- Does NOT contain nucleus
- Does NOT have membrane bound complex organelles
- DNA is free floating around the cell
- Contain ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell membrane
- Make up archaea and bacteria
- Single cell
- Contains nucleus which contains all the DNA and also control functions inside the cell
- Contains membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria, ER, golgi apparatus, vacuoles, chloroplast (only in plant cells), lysosome etc...
- Eukaryotes makeup fungi, animals, protists, and plants (everything else that is not made up by prokaryotes are made up of eukaryotes).
Plant and Animal cells
Organelles
Cell Membrane
Tonicity/Osmosis
made up of Phospholipid bilayer
Proteins
Phosphate head - hydrophilic
2 fatty acid tails - hydrophobic
Allows small non polar molecules through without assistance
Proteins are needed to allow certain
substances to pass through the membrane
carrier/transport proteins
channel proteins
receptor proteins
Aquaporins
- Mitochondria - produces energy
- Golgi Apparatus - process and package macromolecule proteins
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth) - found in both animal and plant cells, function of this cell is to make cellular products like hormones and lipids
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough) - ribosomes are attached to the surface, synthesize proteins that are mostly transported out of the cell
- Nucleus - hold DNA and controls the functions inside the cell
- Ribosomes - make proteins
- Lysosomes - removes waste
- Cytoplasm - consists of all the organelles
- Vesicles - cellular package containing products such as protein
- Vacuoles - a storage area for nutrients and waste
Transports substances across the cell membrane but can also be used to transport substances against the concentration gradient using ATP
Transports substances across the membrane.using facilitated diffusion which is passive.
Transport water across the cell membrane
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Osmosis
When a solution contains less solutes compared to the solution inside the cell
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane (cell membrane)
When a solution contains more solutes compared to the solution inside the cell
When a solution has an equal number of solutes with the inside of a cell. Equal net movement
net movement into cell
net movement equal
net movement outside cell
serve as a way to identify the cell and to transmit information to the cell
- Animal cell vs Plant cell
- Both have cell membrane
- Both have a nucleus
- Both have ribosomes
- Both have DNA
- Both have cytoplasm
- Both have ER
- Plant cells have large permanent vacuole
- Plant cell has a cell wall; animal does not
- Plant cells have chloroplast
- Animal cells have lysosomes
Large and charged molecules cannot pass through the membrane without a protein
plant - turgid ; animal - lysed
plant and animal - normal/flaccid
plant - plasmolysed ; animal - crenated