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14-1 - Rj, JT, Carlie, & Tate (CATHERDALS-CITEIS OF GOD (A new style…
14-1 - Rj, JT, Carlie, & Tate
The Age of Faith
Problems in the Church
Priests were nearly illiterate and could barely read their praters. Some popes were men of questionable morals.
Bishops and abbots cared more about their positions as feudal lords than about their duties as spiritual leaders.
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New Religious Orders
Early 1200s, wandering fairs traveled from place to place preaching and spreading the Church's ideas. Fairs took vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience.
Fairs did not live apart from the world in monasteries. They preached to the poor throughout Europe's towns and cities. They owned nothing and lived by begging.
Dominic, a Spanish priest, founded the Dominicans, one of the earliest orders of friars. Dominic emphasized the importance of study, many Dominicans were scholars.
Francis of Assisi, and Italian, founded another order of friars, the Franciscans. Francis treated all creatures, including animals, as if they were spiritual brothers and sisters.
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Women played an important role in the spiritual revival. Women joined the Dominicans, Benedictines, and Franciscan order for women.
A women named Clare and her friend Francis of Assisi founded the Franciscan order for women, It was known as the Poor Clares.
In Germany, Hildegard of Bingen, a mystic and musician, founded a Benedictine convent in 1147.
Women lived in poverty and worked to help the poor and sick. These women were not allowed to travel from place to place as preachers.
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CATHERDALS-CITEIS OF GOD
A new style of church architecture-- A new spirit in the church access to more money from the growing wealth of towns and from trade helped fuel the building of churches in several European countries.
During the medieval times most people worshiped in small churches near their homes. Larger homes called cathedrals were built in city areas.
The cathedral was viewed as the representation of the city of god. As such it was decorated with all the richness that christians could offer.
Between 800 1100churches were built in the Romanesque style. The churches had round arches and heavy roof held up by by thick walls and pillars
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in the early 1100's a new style of architecture known as gothic evolved throughout medieval Europe.The term gothic comes from a germanic tribe named goths.
Unlike the heavy, gloomy romanesque buildings gothic cathedrals thrust upward as if reaching toward heaven. Light streamed in through huge stained glass windows. Other arts of medieval world were evident around or in the gothic cathedral sculpture,wood carvings, and stained glass windows.
All of these elements were meant to inspire the worshiper with the magnificence of god. Soon gothic cathedrals were built in many towns of France. In Paris the vaulted ceiling of the cathedral of Notre dame eventually rose to more than 100 feet .
Then chartes reims and Beauvais built even taller than cathedrals. In all nearly 500 gothic churches were built between 1170 and 1270.
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The Crusades
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The Third Crusade
The third Crusade was led by three powerful rulers; Philip II, Frederick I, and Richard the Lion-Hearted. Frederick left due to conflicts with Richard and Frederick drowned so only Richard really led the Crusade.
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Richard led troops to gain the Holy Land back from Saladin -- Eventually they came to a truce in 1192.
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Jerusalem stayed under control of the Muslims, and Saladin promised that unarmed Christian pilgrims could pass through the city's holy places.
Goals of the Crusades
The Crusades had social, political, economical, and religious goals.
Muslims had controlled Palestine and threatened Constantinople. The pope wanted to reclaim Palestine and unify Christendom.
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Younger sons also participated because they did not inherit anything from their fathers so they were looking for land and a position in society.