1. Antaradhikarana

Number of Sutras - 2

Objective of this Adhikarana and the following 4 Adhikaranas -

To establish that the Brahman is different from -

certain particular non-intelligent entitites

and also from -

the Sun,



Prajapati,

Indra

and other such individual selves who have attained godhood and are in possession of peculiarly valuable merit due to their respective Karmas

Siddhanta - The person is Brahman only

Subject

In Chandogya Upanishad (Antaradityavidya and Antarakshividya) it is stated that -

Doubt

The person who is seen within the eye, he is Rik, he is Sâman, Uktha, Yagus, Brahman. The form of this person (in the eye) is the same as of that person yonder (in the sun), the joints of the one are the joints of the other, the name of the one is the--name of the other'

Whether that person dwelling within the eye and the sun

the individual soul called Âditya, who through accumulation of religious merit possesses lordly power,

or the highest Self other than that soul

Purvapaksha - That person is the individual soul of high merit.

  1. (Sutra 1-1-20) He is the Brahman as the attributes that belong only to Him are seen to be applied to that Person.
  1. For the text states that that person has a body, and connection with a body belongs to individual souls only

Individual selves may acquire omniscience, omnipotence and all the other sovereignty attributed to Brahman , through the accumulated merit of their Karmas.

Thus there need be nothing called the Supreme Self as distinct from the individual self.

  1. In the scriptures, 'This same above-mentioned Person is risen above all sins"

To be free from sin is to be free from all subjection to the influence of Karma.

No individual Self is by nature free from the influence of Karma

Brahman's freedom from the influence of Karma is indeed the basis of all the auspiscious qualities and sovereignty attributed to Him as being natural to Him.

To possess the above things is altogether impossible for any individual self.

Thus the person within the eye and within the Sun cannot be an individual self.

  1. That this Person is declared to be associated with a body does not prove that He must be only an individual self.

Because it is possible for Him who wills the truth to will His own association with a body.

There is incompatibility between -

His essential nature which is free from the influence of Karma

and His association with a material body, which is always controlled by karma

But then His body need not at all be material.

With the object of favouring His worshippers, He often assumes suitable divine forms

Nevertheless, He is free from the qualities belonging essentially to material Prakrti

The body which is at any time assumed by Him is immaterial and divine

These are all well-established by means of scriptures.

  1. (Sutra 1-1-21) on account of the declaration of difference (the highest Self is) other (than the individual souls of the sun, &c.).

The Supreme self is altogether different from all the individual selves from the four-faced Brahma downwards

The scriptures (Brihadaranyaka and Subalopanishad) themselves have declared declared this Highest Self to be different from the sun-god and other such individual selves

Self is different from Âditya and the other individual souls: 'He who, dwelling within Aditya (the sun), is different from Âditya, whom Âditya does not know, of whom Âditya is the body, who rules Âditya from within; who dwelling within the Self is different from the Self,' &c. (Bri. Up. III, 7, 9 ff.);

'Of whom the Imperishable is the body, whom the Imperishable does not know; who moves within Death, of whom Death is the body, whom Death does not know; he is the inner self of all beings, free from evil, divine, the one God Nârâyana' (Sub. Up.VII).