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CARDIO (Heart Anatomy (Coronary Blood Vessels (Left Coronary Artery…
CARDIO
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Cardiac Cycle Phases
When the cardiac cycle begins, all four chambers are relaxed and the ventricles are partially filled with blood
During atrial Systole, the atria contract, completely filling the relaxed ventricles with blood. Atrial systole lasts aprox. 100 msc.
Atrial Systole ends and atrial diastole begins and continues until the start of the next contraction
As atrial systole ends, ventricular systole begins. This period lasts aprox. 270 msc.
Isovolumetric Contraction: Ventricular contraction pushes the AV valve closed but does not create enough pressure to open the semilunar valves.
Ventricular Ejection: As ventricular pressure rises and exceeds pressure in the arteries, the semilunar valves open and blood is forced out of the ventricles
Ventricular Diastole - Early: As the ventricles relax, the pressure in them drops; blood flows back against the cusps of the semilunar valves and forces them closed
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Ventricular Diastole - Late: All chambers are relaxed. The ventricles fill passively to roughly 70% of their final volume
Heart Cell Physiology
Depolarization
Occurs when fast-opening Na+ channels in the sarcolemma open and Na+ rushes into the cell. The Na+ channels rapidly close
Plateau Phase
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Ca2+ channels open, K+ channels increase leakage out of the cell.
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