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CARDIO (Heart Anatomy (Coronary Blood Vessels (Left Coronary Artery…

- - - - Interatrial septum and interventricular septum
  - - - Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
    - - Located between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta
  - - - Anchors the heart to the surrounding structures
    - - Parietal pericardium
        
        Simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue
        
        Adheres to the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
      - Visceral pericardium
        
        Simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue
        
        Adheres directly to the heart
  - - - Marks the junction of the atria and ventricles
    - - Mark the junction of the ventricles on the anterior and posterior sides of the heart
  - - - Branches to
        
        Anterior interventricular artery
        
        Circumflex artery
    - - Branches to
        
        Right marginal artery
        
        Posterior interventricular artery
- - - - Visceral layer of the serous pericardium
    - - Muscular part of the heart
        
        Contains
        
        Bundle of hiss & Perkinje fibers
        
        Conduct nerve impulses
    - - Lining of the heart
        
        Continues with the inner lining of the blood vessels
        
        Thin, smooth endothelial
- - - - The AV bundle conducts the action potential to the left and right bundle branches and then to the Purkinje fibers
        
        The action potential is spread via gap junctions between cardiac muscle cells throughout the ventricles
  - - - Electrical changes of atrial depolarization that originates in the SA note.
    - - Electrical changes associated with ventricular depolarization.
        
        Atria is simultaneously repolarizing
    - - Electrical change associated with ventricular repolarization
- - - - Gas exchange
        
        Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide
      - Perfusion of Nutrients
      - Perfusion of Waste Products
- - - - Deoxygenated blood enters the left atrium
        
        Passes through the left AV valve (bicuspid or mitral valve)
        
        Enters the left ventricle
        
        Passes through aortic semilunar valve
        
        And enters the aorta
        
        This blood is distributed by the systemic arteries
        
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    - - Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium from superior & Inferior vena cava and coronary sinus
        
        Passes through the right AV valve (tricuspid)
        
        Enters right ventricle
        
        Passes through pulmonary semilunar valve
        
        And enters the pulmonary trunk
        
        This blood continues through the right and left pulmonary arteries to both lungs
        
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- - - - Mediastinum
        
        Pericardial cavity
        
        Posterior to the sternum
        
        Left side of body
        
        Between the lungs
- - - - ventricular pressure rises
        
        AV valves close
        
        Semilunar valves open
        
        Blood ejected from ventricle into pulmonary trunk and aorta
  - - - Ventricular pressure decreases
        
        Semilunar valves close
        
        AV valves open
        
        Blood enters atria
- - - - Ca2+ binds to troponin which triggers cross-bridge binding.
        
        Leads to sliding of the actin filaments past myosin filaments
        
        Cardiac muscle contraction
    - - Combinded effects of the prolonged release of Ca2+ and the restricted leakage of K+
        
        Lead to an extended depolarization
  - - - Ca2+ channels close and the membrane is restored to the original position
  - - - Muscle cannot contract again until Na+ and K+ are restored to their resting potential status