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The 4 Biomolecules (Carbohydrates (Monosacchrides (Glucose, Fructose,…
The 4 Biomolecules
Carbohydrates
Monosacchrides
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose (the three common monosachhrides)
(C1H2O1)n- the chemical formula for all 3 monosaccharides
QUICK energy
fast energy because they can enter the cell without making any adjustments
Isomers
have the same chemical formula BUT are structurally different
Benedicts
the indicator of a monosaccharide in an experiment
Disaccharides
Sucrose and Lactose
Polysacchrides
starch
plants
Glycogen
animals
cellulose- makes cell wall of plants = fiber
plants
Iodine
the indicator of a polysaccharide in an experiment
¨
Ose
¨
most carbohydrates end in this suffix
4 calories per gram
Proteins
Amino Acids-monomer for proteins
20 amino acids
peptide bonds- bonds between amino acids
¨R" group- unique in each amino acid (represents the side chain)
C,H,O,N
N-C-C backbone and hydrogen and oxygen bonds
Biurets- indicator for a protein in an experiment
Types of Proteins
enzymes
keratin
finger nails, skin, and hair
hemoglobin
4 calories per gram
Lipids
fats, oils, waxes
9 calories per gram
Monomers for Lipids
Glycerol
Fatty Acids
Unsaturated
double bond in hydrocarbon chain
liquid at room temperature
Saturated
no double bond/s in hydrocarbon chain
solid at room temperature
hydrophobic- does not mix with water (solid)
Brown Paper Bag-indicator of lipid in an experiment
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
A, T, C, G, U
C,H,O,N,P- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous
Two Types of Nucleic Acids
DNA- genetic information
RNA- protein synthesis