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ELEMENTS OF SHORT STORIES (PLOT (Conflict (man vs nature, man vs…
ELEMENTS OF SHORT STORIES
PLOT
Climax
Falling Action
Conflict
man vs nature
man vs fate/supernatural
man vs man
man vs self
Flashback
Foreshadowing
Exposition
Rising Action
series of events organized into a story
CHARACTER
Direct Characterization
telling character's trait
Indirect Characterization
says / thinks
behaves
others say / think
looks like
must have credible & consistent motivation
Static
/
Flat
Character (never changes)
Character's
Voice
developed through
punctuation
diction
syntax
dialogue
Character's
Emotion
developed through
Dialogue
Projection onto the Setting
Stream of Consciousness
Revealing Action
Facial Expression
Physical Evidence
Allusion
Dynamic /
Round
Character (changes)
Protagonist
vs
Antagonist
SETTING
when
story takes place
Sensory Descriptions
of background / environment
where
story takes place
Usually developed in the beginning
Helps establish theme and tone
Must have
Verisimilitude
(realism)
THEME
life lesson writer wants to express
can be expressed directly or implicitly
developed through:
Symbols
Tone
Character
Setting
plot
purpose of writing the story
POINT OF VIEW
1st Person ('I" = main character)
1st Person Observer ('I' observes another character)
3rd Person Limited (narrator 'knows' 1 character)
3rd Person Omniscient (narrator like God)
Narrator
S/O who sees / tells the story
not always a character in story
2nd Person ('You', very rare)
LITERARY DEVICES
Similes
Metaphors
Personification
Alliteration
Symbolism
Allusions
TONE
Attitude writer has towards characters and subject matter.
examples of tone
humorous
sentimental
ironic
bitter
scary
developed through
setting
literary devices
symbols
diction
can change in story
WRITING CRAFT
sentence variety
description
sentence length
diction
punctuation