Assessments
Diagnostic
Summative
Self assessment
High Stakes
Portfolio
Formative
Peer-assessment
Authentic
Performance based
It is assessment OF learning that happened in the past, to help plan the future.
Cons: diagnostic assessment looks backwards rather than forwards
Pros: It assesses what the learner already knows and/or the nature of difficulties that the learner might have, which, if undiagnosed, might limit their engagement in new learning.
Cons: SInce Formative assessment may lack the same weight as summative assessment students might not take it as seriously, which may cause teachers to misread student feedback.
It is assessment of learning and for learning, it is used to determine if a goal has been achieve and if there is need for intervention.
Pros: It should indicate what is good about a piece of work and why this is good; it should also indicate what is not so good and how the work could be improved.
Definition: An important part of teaching and learning. It does not contribute to the final grade or mark given; instead it contributes to learning through providing feedback.
Cons: The validity and reliability of summative assessment are of the greatest importance, which is why they should be prepared with extreme care and consideration. Some students may get nervous and this may throw their results.
It is assessment of learning in its original intention. However, it is a teacher's prerogative to use this information as a formative assessment.
Pros: It is usually used at the end of a unit of teaching, so it is easy to plan for and is expected by students.
Definition: It demonstrates the extent of a learner's success in meeting the standards of assessment criteria, and which contributes to the final mark or grade.
Cons: They are generally less efficient, difficult to administer, more time-consuming, not easily standardized, and additionally test a considerably smaller sample from the overall knowledge
Pros: It provides teachers with more detailed information than standard multiple-choice tests.
Sources: Performance-Based Assessment: Reviewing the Basics. Retrieved on Oct 28,2017 from https://www.edutopia.org/blog/performance-based-assessment-reviewing-basics-patricia-hilliard
Definition: In general, a performance-based assessment measures students' ability to apply the skills and knowledge learned from a unit or units of study. Typically, the task challenges students to use their higher-order thinking skills to create a product or complete a process
Pros: It holds teachers accountable, it establishes high expectations and motivates students to work harder and take tests more seriously.
Cons: Forces teachers to teach to the test, might increase cheating among students and teachers.
It is assessment of learning, there is no real feedback of the contents. It is the ultimate summative test.
Examples: SAT, Japan's common first-stage exam, TOEFL, TIMSS, PIRLS etc.
Source: High stakes assessments. retrieved on Oct 28, 2017 from http://edglossary.org/high-stakes-testing/
Con: It is time consuming to prepare and plan the assessment, if physical, the portfolio can become bulky and the assessment is quite subjective.
It is assessment of learning when it reaches the end of the process and it is assessment for learning while it is being elaborated
Pros: It promotes student self-evaluation and critical thinking and allows for more input from the student in the assessment process.
Sources: Friedman Ben David M, Davis M H, Harden R M, Howie P W, Ker J and Pippard M J (2001) AMEE Medical Education Guide No 24: Portfolios as a method of student assessment. Medical Teacher 23(6). Retrieved from https://amee.org/getattachment/AMEE-Initiatives/ESME-Courses/AMEE-ESME-Face-to-Face-Courses/ESME/ESME-Online-Resources-China-Dec-2015-(1)/Session-5-Guide-24-Portfolios-for-assessment.pdf
Cons: The scoring is subjective, setting up this kind of assessment can be costly and take a lot of time.
It is ultimately assessment of learning; however, as many of the other types of assessments, the information obtained from it can be used to make decisions for learning.
Pros: This form of assessment is designed to develop students skills and competencies alongside academic development.
Definition: It is an assessment where the tasks and conditions are more closely aligned to what you would experience in real life.
Cons: I can take extra time, the isntructor will need to spend time explaining the process to students. it can be perceived as a process of presenting inflated grades
and being unreliable.
Pros: It will enhance students’ active engagement with their studies, increase the amount of feedback students receive and augment learning as peer feedback invariably requires explanation and justification
Definition: Self-assessment “is the involvement of students in identifying standards and/ or criteria to apply to their work, and making judgments about the extent to which they have met these criteria and standards…..[it] means more than students grading their own work; it means involving them in the process of determining what is ‘good work’.”
Boud, D. (1995) Enhancing Learning through Self-Assessment; Kogan Page; London
Sources: Self and peer-assessment. Retrieved on Oct 28, 2017 from https://sydney.edu.au/education_social_work/groupwork/docs/SelfPeerAssessment.pdf
Cons:Grades might be unreliable as peer pressure to
apply elevated grades or friendships may influence the assessment, students will have a tendency to award everyone the same grade or mark.
Pros: It encourages student involvement and responsibility, encourages students to reflect on their role and focuses on the development of student’s judgment skills.
Definition: “students use criteria and apply standards to the work of their peers in order to judge that work. Both self and peer assessment are “formative, in that it has beneficial effects on learning, but may also be summative, either in the sense of learners deciding that they have learned as much as they wished to do in a given area, or ….it may contribute to the grades awarded to the students”.
Boud and Falchikov (1989) in Falchikov, N. (2005) Improving Assessment Through Student Involvement: Routledge Falmer; Oxon
Definition: Intended to improve the learner’s experience and their level of achievement, and the instructor's area of focus
Sources: What is the difference between formative and summative assessment Retrieved on Oct 28, 2017 from https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/assessment/basics/formative-summative.html
Formative and summative assessments. retrieved on Oct 28, 2071 form http://ctl.yale.edu/Formative-Summative-Assessments
Sources: What is the difference between formative and summative assessment Retrieved on Oct 28, 2017 from https://www.cmu.edu/teaching/assessment/basics/formative-summative.html
Formative and summative assessments. retrieved on Oct 28, 2071 form http://ctl.yale.edu/Formative-Summative-Assessments
Sources: Assessment types: Diagnostic, Summative and Formative. Retrieved on Oct 28, 2017 fro http://www.queensu.ca/teachingandlearning/modules/assessments/10_s2_02_diagnostic_assessment.html
Definition: A student portfolio is a systematic collection of student work and related material that depicts a student's activities, accomplishments, and achievements in one or more school subjects.
It is assessment for and of learning since it can be used in a formative manner giving the chance for immediate and constructive feedback, and it can also be used to assess final achievements.
Sources: Self and peer-assessment. Retrieved on Oct 28, 2017 from https://sydney.edu.au/education_social_work/groupwork/docs/SelfPeerAssessment.pdf
Definition: any test used to make important decisions about students, educators, schools, or districts, most commonly for the purpose of accountability. In general, “high stakes” means that test scores are used to determine punishments , accolades, advancement, or compensation.
It is assessment for learning, students will learn from the experience of evaluating their own achievements and shortcomings.
It is assessment for learning, students will learn to analyze goals and results, how to give and use feedback too.
Interim assessment
Cons: It may lead to confusion when data is analyzed, confusion correlation with causation, school leaders can also make the mistake of confusing averaged data and individual students.
It falls between formative assessment and summative assessment, it is assessment of learning and assessment of learning. teachers may use interim assessments to identify concepts that students are struggling to understand but it also may allow for the comparison of student results across courses, schools, or states
Pros: it provides information to help educators guide instruction for all students, it projects performance to help educators identify students who may need intervention to meet standards, and parents with an accurate measure of the student’s growth over time.
Sources: Interim Assessment. Retrieved on Oct 28, 2017 from http://edglossary.org/interim-assessment/
Definition: It is a form of assessment that educators use to (1) evaluate where students are in their learning progress and (2) determine whether they are on track to performing well on future assessments, such as standardized tests or end-of-course exams.
Example: MAP (Measure of Academic Progress)