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Topic 2b - States of Matter (Three states of matter (Solids (Strong forces…
Topic 2b - States of Matter
Three states of matter
Which state a material is in depends on the forces of attraction between the particles
Strength of forces
Material - structure of substance and types of bonds holding it together
Temperature
Pressure
Solids
Strong forces of attraction between particles
Hold the particles in fixed positions
Forms a very regular lattice arrangement
Particles don't move from their positions
Particles vibrate and as temperature increases they vibrate more
Definite shape and volume
Liquids
Weak forces of attraction between particles
Particles randomly arranged and free to move but stick close together
Definite volume and will flow to bottom of container
Temp increase, faster particles move
Gas
Forces of attraction between the particles are very weak
Free to move around and do constantly at random motion
Pressure gas hitting surfaces
Atomic properties and bulk properties
A sample of a substance has bulk properties - such as density and melting point which stay the same regardless of how many atoms in a sample
These properties depend on how the particles interact with each other, so a single atom would behave differently
State symbols
(s) - solid
(l) - liquid
(g) - gas
(aq) - aqueous