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COPD (Epidemiology: (COPD affects nearly 15 million persons in the United…
COPD
Epidemiology:
The most common chronic lung disease in the world (Huether & McCance, 2017, p. 700).
The fourth leading cause of death in the United States and globally (Huether & McCance, 2017, p. 700).
Overall mortality from COPD has increased in the United States over the past 30 years (Huether & McCance, 2017, p. 700).
COPD prevalence in women is higher throughout the life span (Huether & McCance, 2017, p. 701).
COPD affects nearly 15 million persons in the United States (Hammer & McPhee, 2014, p 232).
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Pathophysiology:
Chronic Bronchitis:
Hypersecretion of mucus and chronic productive cough for at least 3 months of the year for at least 2 consecutive years (Huether & McCance, 2017, p. 701).
The principle pathologic features are inflammation of airways and hypertrophy of large airway mucous glands, with increased mucus secretion and accompanying mucus obstruction of airways (Hammer & McPhee, 2014, p. 233).
It is the inflammation in smaller bronchioles that is the principle site of increased airflow obstruction (Hammer & McPhee, 2014, p. 232).
Emphysema:
Abnormal permanent enlargement of gas-exchange airways accompanied by destruction of alveolar walls without obvious fibrosis (Huether & McCance, 2017, p. 701).
Obstruction results from changes in lung tissues, rather than mucus production and inflammation as in chronic bronchitis (Huether & McCance, 2017, p. 701).
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