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vessels (pulmonary (pulmonary blood flow = 100% Cardiac Output (Pulmonary…
vessels
pulmonary
Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart again. This is just one phase of the overall circulatory system.
The veins bring waste-rich blood back to the heart, entering the right atrium throughout two large veins called vena cavae.
The right atrium fills with the waste-rich blood and then contracts, pushing the blood through a one-way valve into the right ventricle.
The right ventricle fills and then contracts, pushing the blood into the pulmonary artery which leads to the lungs. In the lung capillaries, the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen takes place.
The fresh, oxygen-rich blood enters the pulmonary veins and then returns to the heart, re-entering through the left atrium.
The oxygen-rich blood then passes through a one-way valve into the left ventricle where it will exit the heart through the main artery, called the aorta
The left ventricle's contraction forces the blood into the aorta and the blood begins its journey throughout the body.
The one-way valves are important for preventing any backward flow of blood. The circulatory system is a network of one-way streets.
If blood started flowing the wrong way, the blood gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) might mix, causing a serious threat to your body.
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Pressure Gradiant Formula
(Input pressure - Output pressure)/Blood Flow
Input = 15 mmHg (MAP) (from body towards lung)
Output = 5 mmHg (left atrium pressure) (from lungs towards body)
lung volume.
With greater lung-volume, the lower the resistance.
caliber affected by lung volume. The higher the lung volume, the greater the caliber.
At high lung volumes, the decrease in pleural pressure increases the caliber... low lung volumes, increase pleural pressure, decrease the caliber.
Zone 1 = apex
PA exceeded by Pa (which is so low) = capillaries collapse, Q drops
Zone 2
upper third of lung
Pa greater than PA greater than Pv
PA partially collapses the capillaries because is greater than Pv. damming effect/waterfall effect
Zone 3
Pa greater than Pv greater than PA
Blood flows according to pressure gradients
Q is largest here... increased transmural pressure distends the vessels and lowers the resistance...
fetal,placenta
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moving nutrients and waste by diffusion. But remember that diffusion needs a gradient. So there must be higher partial pressure of oxygen in maternal blood then in fetus blood.
fetus red blood cells contains Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF) which exhibits greater oxygen affinity then does maternal.
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function of placenta= It is immune protection. Since baby immune system is not develop antibodies will cross the placenta and this will serve protective function.
at first corpus lutetium will produce hormones until placenta develops in 2nd or 3rd month. After that placenta takes over production of progesterone, estrogen and human chorionic hormone.
Fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from mom there is no mixing of blood. Instead the placenta allows for the close proximity of the fetus and maternal bloodstream so that diffusion can occur between them.
umbilical cord It contains 3 veins:
-umbilical vein that moves oxygen
-2 umbilical arteries that don't have much oxygen.
These arteries and vein are emerged in Wharton's jelly.
Gas exchange in fetus happens through placenta and not through the lungs. Detoxification and metabolism are controlled by mothers liver. Waste is removed by placenta as well.
So fetus does not uses these organs until birth.
moms arteries will pump oxygenated blood into the pool of blood and veins will pick up the deoxygenated blood.
In fetus arteries will have the deoxygenated blood. Then oxygen and nutrients are picked up and veins carry oxygenated blood back into heart of fetus.
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hepatic
To ensure blood with high nutrient concentrations from digestion reaches the liver first, for storage and modification
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Hepatic portal vein ->
Sinusoids (capillary networks) of the liver) ->
Hepatic vein ->
Inferior vena cava ->
Right atrium
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Coronary
anterior interventricular artery
anterior branch of the left coronary artery; lies in anterior interventricular sulcus
circumflex branch
branch of the left coronary artery that curves around the left side and lies in the coronary sulcus
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posterior interventricular artery
posterior branch of the right coronary artery; lies in posterior interventricular sulcus
posterior interventricular branch
branch of the right coronary artery that supplies the anterior right ventricle
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systemic
Systemic circulation supplies nourishment to all of the tissue located throughout your body, with the exception of the heart and lungs because they have their own systems.
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The blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries) are responsible for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissue.
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The forceful contraction of the heart's left ventricle forces the blood into the aorta which then branches into many smaller arteries which run throughout the body.
The inside layer of an artery is very smooth, allowing the blood to flow quickly
The oxygen-rich blood enters the capillaries where the oxygen and nutrients are released. The waste products are collected and the waste-rich blood flows into the veins in order to circulate back to the heart where pulmonary circulation will allow the exchange of gases in the lungs.
During systemic circulation, blood passes through the kidneys
Blood also passes through the small intestine during systemic circulation. This phase is known as portal circulation. During this phase, the blood from the small intestine collects in the portal vein which passes through the liver. The liver filters sugars from the blood, storing them for later.