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proteins (amino acid categorization (nonpolar R groups (alanine, proline,…
proteins
amino acid categorization
negatively charged R groups
aspartate
glutamate
polar and uncharged R groups
threonine
cysteine (can form covalent disulfide bonds)
serine
asparagine
glutamine
positively charged R groups
lysine
arginine
histidine
nonpolar R groups
alanine
proline
glycine
valine
leucine
isoleucine
methionine
phenylalanine
tryptophan
tyrosine
bonds
covalent
: a chemcial bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms
example:
peptide bond, disulfide bonds (cysteine)
hydrogen bonding happens when H is positioned between two electronegative atoms (FON) and it is strongest when this arrangement is linear
disulfide bonds are an important component of insulin (which is made in the beta cells of the pancreas)
noncovalent
: electromagnetic interactions (NO sharing of electrons between atoms)
example: van der Waals forces,
hydrogen bonds
amino acid structure
polar: separation of charge leads to a molecule exhibiting an electric dipole (ex: H2O)
nonpolar: no net charge separation