Five Principles of Conversation
Principle of Process: Conversation is a Developmental Process.
Opening
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Closing
Principle of Cooperation
Quantity Principle - only be informative as necessary to communicate your intended meaning.
Quality Principle - Say what you know to be true and not say what you know to be false
Relation principle - you talk about what is relevant to the conversation.
Manner principle- be clear, avoid ambiguities, be relatively brief, and organize your thoughts into meaningful sequence
Principle of Dialogue
Each person is both the speaker and listener, sender and receiver
Monologue is the opposite side
Demonstrate respect for the other person
Avoid negative criticism and negative judgement
Keep the channels open
Acknowledge the presence and importance of the other person
Avoid manipulating the conversation
Principle of Turn Taking
Speaker Cues
Turn-maintaining cues help you maintain the speaking role
Turn yielding cues- tell the listener you are finished and wish to exchange roles
Listening Cues
Turn-requesting cues- let the speaker know that you want to speak.
Trun denying cues- you are reluctant to assume the role of speaker
Back-channeling Cues
used to communicate various types of information back to the speaker with out you assuming the role of speaker
Interruptions
Attempts to take over the role as speaker
Principle of Politeness
The Maxim of Tact- helps to maintain the other's autonomy
The maxim of generosity- helps to confirm the other persons importance.
The Maxim of approbation- refers to praising someone or complimenting a person in some way
The Maxim of modesty- minimizes any praise or compliments you might receive
The maxim of agreement- seeking out areas of agreement and expressing them
The maxim of sympathy- the expression of understanding, sympathy, empathy, supportiveness, and the like for another person