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Groups Experiencing Health Inequities (Aboriginal & Torres Strait…
Groups Experiencing Health Inequities
Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander
Extent
Cancer
2x rate for lung cancer
high rates of lung, mouth, throat and cervical cancer
more likely to be diagnosed later
CVD
3x rate of coronary heart disease
3x as likely to die from CVD
Mental Health
Mental Health death rate 14x higher in males & 12x higher in females
young ATSI 5x higher
Injury
3rd leading cause for ATSI
related to alcohol use and self harm
Diabetes
5x more likely to die from diabetes
3x more likely to report diabetes
Determinants
socio-economic
lower levels of educational attainment
higher levels of unemployment
more likely to be low SES
lower levels of disposable income
environmental
24% live in rural and remote areas decreasing access to healthy food and medical services
51% have access to a motor vechile
socio-cultural
lower standards of living
significantly higher rates of imprisonment
ongoing effects of colonisation (dislocation, identity and loss of culture
1.5x more likely to be overweight
Nature
The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population constitutes approximately 2.5 per cent of the population
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples experience significantly greater ill health and higher rates of premature death than other Australians
Rural & Remote Areas
Nature
.
life expectancy lower by 2 years
lower education and income
higher rate smoking
more likely to be effected natural disaster
higher rate alcohol consumption
Remote areas are significantly removed from major services centres
Generally experience a range of health inequalities due to geographical isolation
29% of the Australian population live in rural areas & a further 3% live in areas classified as remote
26% of people in NSW live in rural & remote areas
99% of ATSI live outside major cities
They have higher rates of mortality & disease, & a greater presence of risk factors
Determinants
Socio-cultural
Higher levels of distress & pressure when working on the land
Culture of alcohol consumption
Despair & hopelessness due to lack of opportunities
More likely stereotypical gender roles
High ATSI population
Mental disorder due to lack of opportunity & natural disaster
Socio-economic
lower average gross household income
More likely to be in manual labor
Unemployment higher
less likely to complete yr 12
fewer tertiary education opportunities
Environmental
poorer living conditions
inaccessible mainstream health services
Hazardous occupations
travel long distance to access
less access to health promotion
inadequate provision of health infrastructure
poorer roads & less enforcement
extent
smoking
26.5% people in rural areas are daily smokers
deaths 2.5 times higher
Drinking
30% risk of risky drinking
Suicide
66% higher rate of suicide
Farmers twice as likely
Men in rural/remote twice as likely
Cancer
Higher rates
Death Rates
rural 10% higher
remote 20-70% higher
CVD
Higher
Obesity & Diabetes
Higher
Rural & Remote areas
(roles)
Individuals
GP / Health professionals
.
Local member
.
Specialists
.
Community members
.
Teachers
.
Community leaders
role
Participate
Empower
Educate
Government
National Rural & Remote Health Infrastructure Program
Rural Australia Medical Undergraduate Scholarship
Royal Flying Doctor Service
Community
Liase with & lobby with government
School communities
Empower members of the community
Local community sport clubs
Examples
National rural conference
NSW rural doctors network
Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander (roles)
Communities
empower elders to work with communities
ensure full participation by ATSI representative groups in addressing health inequalities
promote the work of non-government organisations who focus on ATSI people e.g. Heart Foundation
Governments
Howard Government - Northern Territory Emergency Response (2007
Rudd Government - apology speech (2008)
Tackle socio-cultural issues
Close The Gap campaign (2008)
Health promotion campaigns
Individuals
empower ATSI people to increase decision making through education
increase educational opportunities
provide incentives for health professionals to work with ATSI