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Ecology of the School (Diversity and Ethnicity (Ethnicity (cultural…
Ecology of the School
School as a Socializing Agent
Schools influence children by...
Their educational programs
Their formal organization- introduce children to authority
Social relationships
School's function in U.S. is described as
universal- open to all
formal (methodical)
perspective- provides directions based on custom
Goals for Schooling in U.S.
Personal Goals
emotional/ physical well-being
Creativity and aesthetic expression
self-realization
Vocational Goals
Career/Vocational education- selecting suitable occupation
Social, Civic, and Cultural Goals
interpersonal understanding
citizenship participation
Enculturation
moral and ethical character
Academic Goals
mastery of basic skills
intellectual development
Macrosystem Influence
Political Ideology
school reflects macrosystem influences of society
Basic political ideology for U.S. is
democracy
Economics
School funding is influenced by equality of opportunity, knowledge and skills for future, and affordability of programs
Educational policies are under jurisdiction of states
Ethnicity
values of society are imparted via school curriculum & classroom management
schools face challenge of balancing equity with diversity
Religion
Schools cannot promote a particular religion
Science/ Technology
affects methods of curriculum and teaching
video recorders, tv, & computers aid teachers
Parental Options
Children are generally assigned to a public school
Individual schools differ in how policies are implemented so families are allowed to choose
Types of schools
Magnet Schools - public schools offering special education programs
School Vouchers (private schools)
Charter Schools
Home-based Schools
Diversity and Ethnicity
Gender
Tile IX Education Amendments Act - Prohibits discrimination
Public schools and most universities are covered by Title IX
Ethnicity
cultural assimilation
- Minority ethnic groups assume attributes of macro-culture
Melting Pot
- all cultures of all ethnic groups blend into one
Cultural pluralism
- minority and majority groups coexist
language
children w/ limited English ability attending US schools risk failure
Equal Opportunity Act- requires schools to help children overcome language barriers
Communication Style
Children's communication styles vary
Teachers communicate in style of their culture
Nonverbal behavior is also related to cultural socialization
Religion
Disability
Chronosystem Influence
Adaptations to Social Change
school curriculums now consist of critical thinking, self-concept, and interpersonal skills
Economic Opportunity Act (1964)- provided money for preschools for disadvantaged children
National Education Goals Panel (1999)- list of specific goals for schools by year 2000
NCLB- motivate schools/ students to fulfill goals & standards set for them
Schools that fail to meet standards are subject to improvement, corrective action, & restructuring measures
Technology
computer knowledge is now essential to successful functioning
knowledge revolution must influence our classrooms as much as our jobs, home, and lives- Collins and Halverson (2009)
Computers are used for collaboration and research
Computers individualize instruction to accommodate different learning styles
Health/Safety
Substance Use/Abuse
biggest problem w/ middle schoolers and high schoolers
8.9%
age 12 and up have used drugs
use of drugs impairs educational environment for others
National Institute of Health (NCLB)- identifies way for schools to promote health of children and prevent substance abuse
Violence
School violence is subset of youth violence
youth violence- harmful behaviors that may start early and continue into adulthood
Includes bullying, slapping, punching, weapon use
Individual Risk Factors- violent victimization, disorders, early aggressive behavior, gangs, delinquent peers, drug use, low IQ, poor academic performance, emotional distress, social rejection, etc.
Relationship Risk Factors- harsh, lax, or inconsistent discipline, low parental involvement, low emotional attachment to caregivers, low parental income, no supervision, poor family functioning, parental substance abuse, etc.
Mesosystem Influence: School-Child
Schools have significant influence on children's socialization
Schools select which experiences children will have determining which aspects of culture are transmitted
Learning Style
- consistent pattern of behavior and performance by which an individual approaches educational experiences
Learning style indicates how a person perceives, interacts with, and responds to learning environment
How teachers respond to a child' learning style affects their learning experience