Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Science :tada: (Biology :microscope: (Inherited characteristics and how it…
Science :tada:
Biology :microscope:
-
Animal breeding
-
Selective-breeding
When you breed two types of the same species together to get desirable characteristics. E.g:
Lives in harsh weather conditions
Produces a lot of milk, meat or wool
Immune to certain diseases
Plants breeding
Pollination
(Insects pollination) When the fly into a flower, it’s fly into the anther and pollen will stick to it’s body. After that, when the bee flies past the stigma, the pollen sticks on the stigma and get transfer down the style into the ovary. In the ovary, the pollen meets the ovule and pollination happen.
Plants Gametes
Male reproductive system - Stamen:
Filament
Anther: Produces the pollen to be pollinated
Female reproductive system - Carpel
Stigma: Where the pollens stick to
Style: Tube for the pollen to go down to ovary
Ovary: Where ovules are stored and fertilization happens
Ovule: Plant’s egg cell
Chemistry :atom_symbol:
Compound name & bonding
Formulae
Word formula: Oxygen, non-metal & metal (-ate); Non-metal & metal (-ide)
Letters formula: Mg2 & Cl -> MgCl2
Positive ion <Metal> -> Number (Nega ion) -> Negative ion <Non-metal> -> Number (Posi ion)
Types
Non-metal & metal -> Ionic bonding
Non-metal only -> Covalent bonding
Metal only -> Metallic bonding
Atoms
Structure
In an atom, there’s a nucleus <which is really dense> that contains the proton and the neutron. (Neutron = Mass number - Proton). Surround the nucleus are electrons orbiting on the shell. The number of electrons is the same as the number of protons but when it changes, the element becomes an isotope. (Shell: 2,8,8,2 [to 20])
Periodic table
In group 0, all the elements are noble gases which always has a full outer shell
It’s splited in 2 types: metals & non-metals
Practicals
Conservation of mass
Matter cannot be created or destroyed, it could only change from one form to another
The mass in a practical stays the same before and after a chemical reaction happens
Practical names
Exothermic - Gives out heat
Endothermal - Takes in heat
Crystallization - Water molecules form a crystal structure in a compound
Physics :fire:
Energy
8 types of energy
Light, Heat, Sound, Kinetic, Electrical, Elastic potential, Gravitational Potential, Chemical Potential
Using energy
Nuclear - Uranium, Solar - Sun, Turbines - Wind, Biomass - Burning food, Hydro - Water, Fossil Fuels - Coal, Oil, Gas
-
Electricity
-
Current and voltage
Current -> the flow of electron
More bulbs - slower, More energy - faster
Stays the same in a series and split in a parallel circuit
Voltage -> How much energy
Stays the same in a parallel and split in a series circuit
Static electricity
When negative and positive charges from two objects attract each other to create static. In some devices, this generates electricity for the device to work (e.g spray painter). When it touches each other, either the one is negatively/ positively charged and attracts to another object or if it’s 2 neutral things then the opposite charges move closer.
-
Environmental Sci :leaves: #
-
Leafy
Parts of a leaf:
Cuticle - Outside waterproof layer
Palisade cell - Absorbs light using their chloroplasts
Stomata - Where air gets into the leaf and gets stored in the air space
Cell walls are made of Cellulose
Cell membranes are made of Fat
Life cycle
Seed/fruit -> Seed dispersal -> Germination -> Development -> Flower formation -> Pollination -> Seed/Fruit
Germination - When a send grows into a baby plant
