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Empire as a generic historical phenomenon (How do empires begin? ('…
Empire as a generic historical phenomenon
How do empires begin?
economic influence
trade
forts & factories
Indian trade; Portugal, Netherlands, Britain, France
enforced 'free' trade, gun diplomacy
China, Opium wars
loans
military protectionism
enforced treaties
slavery policing
military expansion
direct invasion
'exploration'
trade contact
biological contact
establishment of stop-offs on routes
Iberian Atlantic travels
trade routes
religion
missionaries
education
language
crusade hangovers
What immediate impact to empires have upon the populations they rule over?
violence
disease
displacement
How do local populations react?
How are these reactions structured by race, class, gender and region?
How do empires establish and then maintain rule?
How do empires develop over time?
demographics
How and why do empires break down?
resistance
revolution
wars of independence
civil disobedience
protest
economics
public opinion
Do empires end?
direct rule
political power
military power
spheres of influence
economic power
cultural power
What are the complex aftermaths of empires?
neocolonialism
memory & trauma
demographics