States of matter
Section 1 Properties of Fluids
Section 2 Forces Within Liquid
Section 3 Fluids at Rest and in Motion
Section 4 Solids
Definition: are material that can flow and have no definite shape of their own
Pressure
Pressure is now acting on us and it is what keeps our body's fluids and gasses from expanding in us
definition :is the perpendicular component of a force on a surface exerted divided by the area of the surface
Laws:
combined gas law
IdAeal Gas Law
Definition::combining Boyle's law and charles's law relates the temperature, pressure and volume of a fixed amount of ideal gas which leads to combined gas law
Equation: pressure times volume divided by the kelvin temperature equals a constant
Definition:states that for an ideal gas pressure times the volume is equal to the number of moles multiplied by the constant R and the kelvin temperature
Thermal Expansion: is a property of all forms of matter that causes the matter to expand becoming less dense when heated .Thermal expansion has many useful applications such as circulating air in a room
There are two main forces in a liquid Cohesive and Adhesive forces
adhesive force:are forces attraction between two different substances have on each other
cohesive force: are the forces of attraction that identical particles exert on one another
viscosity is a word used to describe the amount of friction in a fluid ex.(honey is more viscos than water )
Pascal's principle
definition:is a principle in fluid mechanics that states that a pressure change occurring anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid such that the same change occurs everywhere.
we use the Pascal's principle a lot in our current technology. We use them in lifts in a way called hydraulic press
Hydraulic Press equation: the force exerted by the secpond piston is equal to the force exerted by the first piston multiplied by the ratio of the area of the second piston to the area of the first piston
buoyant force :the increase in pressure with increase causes an upward force called the buoyant force
Buoyant force equation: the buouyant force of an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object which is equal to the density of the fluid multiplied by the objects volume and the free fall acceleration
Archimedes principle: states that an object immerse in a fluid has an upward force that is equal to the fluid's weight displaced by the object
Bernoulli's principle
states that as the velocity of a fluid increases , the pressure exerted by that fluid decreases
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crystal lattice: when particles slow down cohesive forces have more effect and for certain solids the particles become frozen in a crystal shape
amorphous solid when a particle freezes and does not form a crystal shape such as glass
Expansion
Coefficient of linear expansion is equal to the change in length divided by the original length and the change in temperature
Coefficient of volume expansion : is equal to the change in volume divided by the original volume and the change in temperature
Mohammed al Ayyaf