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Antigen Recognition 2 (immunoglobulin genes (genetic alteration after…

- - - - Heavy chain
      - Kappa light chain
      - productive or non-productive
  - - - Palindormic heptamer
      - AT rich nonamer
      - 12/23 rules
      - Spacer
      - Variable-region DNA rearrangements
        
        signal join
        
        consist of RSS and non-coding regions (exons)
        
        dependent on the transcription
        direction of two join exons, could be
        circular form or located on the 5’
        untranslated region
        
        Process
        
        (Ku70/Ku80)
        (XRCC 4, DNA ligase IV )
        
        Coding join
        
        generate the codes for part of variable region
        
        Process
        
        HMG(High Mobility Group)
        
        stabilize the RSS and RAG1, 2 (recombinase) complex
        
        (Ku70/Ku80)
        
        holding signal and coding ends together with DNA-protein complex
        
        free 3’-OH group
        
        break at the end of heptamer (GTGTCAG)
    - - ensure a single antigenic specificity
      - The Ig heavy and light chain of
        only one parental chromosome
        are expressed per cell
  - - - 活化的B細胞, 增生、分化、成熟
      - memory B cells
        
        class switch, somatic hypermutation
    - - heavy chain
      - After encounter with Ag and with T cell help
      - determine the isotype
      - Determine the biological function
      - Initiated with transcription and AID enzyme
    - - Activation induced cytidine deaminase
      - somatic hypermutation
      - gene conversion
      - class switching recombination