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COMPUTER ETHIC AND SECURITY (Computer Security Measures (User…

- - - - Be polite, avoid offensive language.
        
        Be careful when using sarcasm and humor, as it might
        be misinterpreted.
        
        Use emoticons to express emotion.
        
        Do not use all capital letters, which is the equivalent of
        shouting.
        
        Avoid sending spam.
        
        Avoid sending flames, which are abusive or insulting
        messages.
        
        Keep messages brief. Use proper grammar, spelling,
        and punctuation.
  - - - • Ways to implement green computing:
        – Use computers and devices that comply with the
        ENERGY STAR program.
        – Do not leave the computer running overnight.
        – Turn off the monitor, printer, and other devices
        when not in use.
        – Use LCD monitors instead of CRT monitors.
        – Use paperless method to communicate.
        – Use recycle paper.
        – Use video conferencing and VoIP for meetings
    - - • Examples:
        – Ten Commandments Of Computer Ethics
        – Australian Computer Society Code Of Ethics
        – Singapore Computer Society (S.C.S.) Professional
        Code Of Conduct
        • An organization may produce its own code of
        conduct.
      - • Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics
        
        Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.
        
        Thou shalt not interfere with other people's computer work.
        
        Thou shalt not snoop around in other people's computer files.
        
        Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
        
        Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
        
        Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary software for which you
        have not paid.
        
        Thou shalt not use other people's computer resources
        without authorization or proper compensation.
        
        Thou shalt not appropriate other people's intellectual output.
        
        Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the
        program you are writing or the system you are designing.
        
        Thou shalt always use a computer in ways that insure
        consideration and respect for your fellow humans.
    - - • Techniques companies, employers, or hackers
        use to collect your personal data:
        – Electronic profiles – data collected when you fill a
        form or register online
        – Cookies – a small text file that web server stores
        on your computer
        – Phishing – a scam using email to get personal and
        financial information
        – Spyware and adware – malicious code that spread
        through the network
      - • Ways to safeguard your personal information:
        – Limit the amount of information you provide to Web
        sites or forms, fill in only necessary information.
        – Install a personal firewall.
        – Do not reply to spam for any reason.
        – Clear your history file when you are finished browsing.
        – Install a cookie manager to filter cookies.
        – Purchase goods with cash, avoid unnecessary online
        payments.
    - - • 3 types of Intellectual Property Rights:
        – Copyright – for artistic and literary works
        – Patent – for inventions
        – Trademark – for signs, logo, slogan
        • Any unauthorized copying and distribution of
        software, movies or music (software piracy) is
        a violation of copyright.
        • Copyright protection in Malaysia is governed
        by the Copyright Act 1987.
- - - - VIRUS
        
        • Once the virus is activated, it can spread
        throughout and may damage files and system
        software, including the operating system.
        • Viruses spread when the file they are attached
        to is transferred from one computer to
        another using the network, pen drive, disk, or
        infected e-mail attachments.
        • A program that, when executed, replicates by
        inserting copies of itself into other programs,
        data files, or the boot sector of the hard drive.
        • Most viruses are attached to an executable
        file, which means the virus may exist on a
        system but will not be active or able to spread
        until a user runs or executes the host file or
        program.
      - Worm
        
        • A program that copies itself repeatedly, in
        memory or on a network, using up resources
        and possibly shutting down the computer or
        network.
        • Worms are standalone software and do not
        require a host program or human help to
        spread.
      - Trojan Horse
        
        • A program that appears to be legitimate
        (valid) but is designed to have destructive
        effects.
        • It is usually comes as apparently harmless
        program such as a game, or a free waterfall
        screensaver.
        • Once downloaded and installed, the infection
        is free to collect personal information, or
        destroy files.
        • Unlike a virus or worm, a Trojan horse does
        not replicate itself.
        • One of the most insidious types of Trojan
        horse is a program that claims to rid your
        computer of viruses but instead introduces
        viruses onto your computer.
        • Used to create a backdoor on your computer
        that gives hackers illegal access to your
        system.
      - • Symptoms of malicious codes infection:
        – Operating system runs much slower than usual
        – Operating system does not start up
        – Operating system shuts down unexpectedly
        – Files become corrupted or disappear
        – Unknown programs or files mysteriously appear
        – Available memory is less than expected
        – Screen displays unusual message or image
        – Music or unusual sound plays randomly
      - • Malicious code will be infected or activated on
        a computer when a user:
        – Opens infected e-mail attachments
        – Opens an infected file
        – Runs an infected program
        – Boots the computer with infected removable
        media inserted in a drive or plugged in a port
        – Connects an unprotected computer to a network
      - • Tips to prevent malicious code:
        – Never start a computer with removable media
        inserted in the drives or plugged in the ports.
        – Before using any removable media, scan the
        media for malware.
        – Never open an e-mail attachment unless you are
        expecting it and it is from a trusted source.
        – If the antivirus program indicates that an e-mail
        attachment as infected, delete or quarantine the
        attachment immediately.
      - • Tips to prevent malicious code:
        – Scan all downloaded programs for viruses and
        other malware.
        – Install an antivirus program on all of your
        computers. Update the software and the virus
        signature files regularly.
        – Install a personal firewall program.
        – Stay informed about new virus alerts and virus
        hoaxes.
    - - • Examples of unauthorized access:
        – A person uses someone else’s computer without
        owner’s knowledge or permission.
        – A person uses someone else’s wireless network.
        • Examples of unauthorized use:
        – An employee uses his office computer to send
        personal e-mail messages.
        – An employee uses his company’s landscaping
        software to create a landscape design for his
        house.
    - - • Tips to avoid information/identity theft:
        – Only make purchases on trusted sites.
        – Know how to spot phishing.
        – Secure your network.
        – Block the spam.
        – Don't store sensitive information on non-secure web
        sites.
        – Don't put private information on public computers.
        – Don't use same passwords for many accounts.
        – Memorize your passwords and PIN numbers.