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African Resistance to Colonial Rule Alliances and Divisions (Who (Cecil…
African Resistance to Colonial Rule
Alliances and Divisions
What
The British intervened, the Ndebele surrendered, and the British made a bordering African territory police the Ndebele
The Ndebele thought it was better to fight and die, than to suffer in the terrible conditions the British imposed
They killed enough British Soldiers to make the British retreat
The British used disputes between Ndebele and neighboring tribes to cause conflict.
The British did this so they would have to intervene and take control of Ndebele land
The Europeans thoroughly affected Africa.
They not only put tribes against each other, they brought diseases
Witbooi (Nama chief) revolted and joined other African tribes to resist the Europeans after Germany attempted to assert increased control over Witbooi’s territory
Witbooi wrote a plea letter to the Germans, the Germans won, and took control of the African land
The Germans created concentration camps for those left from their recently acquired land. The Population decreased by 4/5 in ten years in Herero, and by 1/2 in Nama.
Why
Why did the Europeans use existing disputes between African tribes?
To spur conflicts so they could intervene and gain control of the territory. By controlling territory, the Europeans would gain access to natural resources, such as diamonds, and economic and political power.
Why did Africans often foster alliances with Europeans against a common African enemy?
African groups were aware of the looming danger from the Europeans, however European rule as a whole and its implications did not always have an immediate effect on them. Political and economic competition with rival African tribes still took the highest priority. By siding with the Europeans, African tribes could receive monumental advantages against their rivaling tribes. This had an immediate impact because tribal superiority in aiding the Europeans meant that they would most likely police their rivaling tribes rather then being policed themselves.
Where
Nama and Herero
Nama and Herero were located in modern day Namibia. This place had valuable land because of its coast as well as resources like diamonds, copper, gold, and lead. Hendrik Witbooi was a Nama chief who allied with the Germans
The germans soon flipped and asserted their force to gain control of the valuable land. Nama and Herero had to join forces to fight the European force off.
Ndebele
British wanted to takeover for natural resources like diamonds and they wanted the Ndebele land.
To concur this land Cecil Rhodes used pre-existing conflicts between neighboring communities like Mashona to create conflict allowing the British to intervene and take control over the valuable land.
Cecil Rhodes wanted Ndebele for its resources and land. Because of this, he decided to make a treaty with Lobengula. Lobengula thought that he was only giving Rhodes mineral rights to the diamond magnate, whereas Rhodes felt that all of Ndebele was his to do whatever he pleased.
Ndebele was located in Africa where modern day Zimbabwe now is. Lobengula was king of Ndebele during the time of colonization. Ndebele has many diamonds and precious land due to its placing in Africa. It is located at the bottom tip of the continent and can flourish using the water by creating revenue through shipping and resources found in or by the ocean.
Who
Cecil Rhodes was a rich businessman who owned the de Beers diamond company.
Lobengula was a Ndebele King during the time of African Colonization. He disagreed with Cecil Rhodes over a treaty they signed. Lobengula thought that Cecil was only getting to mineral rights. Cecil claimed that Lobengula's entire territory had become his personal land.
The Mashona tribe was put against the Ndebele tribe by the British in the British's plan to conquer Africa
Ndansi Kumalo was a Ndebele chief who described what occurred between 1893 and 1893 when Cecil Rhodes and Lobengula disagreed over the treaty. "They (the British) came and were overbearing...the treatment was intolerable. We thought it best to fight and die rather than to bear it. " - Ndansi Kumalo
Hendrik Witbooi was a Nama chief and an early German ally. He wrote a letter pleading to the Germans to retreat from his land.
The Germans defeated the Nama and the Herero, despite Witbooi's pleas. The Germans had a war of extermination, after their defeat over the Nama and Herero. The remaining peoples were placed in concentration where the conditions were so harsh that by 1911 the Herero population had decreased by four-fifths.
The Herero tribe was originally allied with Germany, but when Germany asserted increased control over the Herero territory, they allied with the Nama Tribe
Theodor Luetwein was a German colonial administrator who accused Witbooi recalcitrance
The British used conflict with the Ndebele to create conflict which lead to the British going into Ndebele territory and gained a position where they could claim control over the Ndebele land. The British attacked and the Ndebele surrendered.
The Ndebele people fought hard against the British to protect their land. Even though the British had Maxim guns, they were able to kill enough British soldiers that the British retreated.
When
1901 - Witbooi revolted and worked with the
Hereros to resist against the Germans
August 17, 1894 - Witbooi wrote a letter to Theodor Leutwein, a colonial administrator who had accused Witbooi of resisting authority
1893-1896 - Cecil Rhodes and Lobengula disagreed about the treaty terms which were signed in 1888
1911 - by this time the Herero population had decreased by four fifths in ten years because the Germans waged war of extermination and kept them in concentration camps with horrible conditions
1880s - The British used disputes with
Ndebele to stir up conflict
1905 - Witbooi was killed as he lead
a charge against the Germans
How
British created divisions by putting Ndebele tribe and neighbouring tribes against each other
The British intervened and stopped the fighting to gain the Ndebele land
Doing so, the British made the African tribes divide amongst themselves which cut connections
Witbooi (Nama chief) revolted and joined other African tribes to resist the Europeans after Germany attempted to assert increased control over his territory
This action, re-tied connections between African tribes, to hopefully overcome the European nations
"General Witbooi and his companions" Revolvy.com
Nama People
