Architectural planning research in Japan (APR)(Kenchiku keikaku)

Two other fields

Relationship between "architecture and human beings"

life and space

studies clissified by building type

Hystorical aspect

societal aspect

two periods of rapid changes in Japan

Meiji Restoration (1868)

Second World War (1945)

new concepts of social lifestyle and architecture

Historical Sketch of The Development

scintific research(1920) "Advanced Study Of Architecture"

dealt with the data nad methods of many building types

principles of Planning

interior environmental engineering such a illumination, acoustics, heating, cooling, air pollution, basic general studies on the decision-making of requirements for rooms, scales, shape and so on.

Historical sketch

Nishiyama (1911-1994)

Yasumi Yoshitake (1916-...)

Takashi Adachi (1919-1993)

An Approach to Design

APR

EBS

tackle the housing problem of thr poor or low-income class

understanding of human beings (philosophy of architecture)

surveys on the "use" of existing houses through observation, questionaires, behavioral mapping, interviews.

name of method: "sumai-kata survey"

interaction between given space and human being

"tsukaware-kata"

method: what the space used for....

results: system of building types

Compilation of Design Data for Architecture in 1960 and 1978

worked well after World War II

to rebuild physical environment because lower varied level of needs relative to today

two research trend in APR were identified:

ergonomics, human factore analysis

social science

themes as spatial cognition, meanings of preference for place, territoriality, crowding,privacy and communication, ecological study.

received some attention to EBS

"tsukaware-kata"

  1. type of buildings and moderate in direct intervention into a specific case
  1. the concept of life based on everyday activities
  1. environment implies physical or spatial factors:shape,dimension, arrandment of any architectural component
  1. the people-environment relation is: interactional
  1. specific facility-oriented
  1. not only functional aspect but also the psychlogy,perception, cognition and social interaction needs of people, subcultural diffrences
  1. environment implies: sociocultural aspects surrounding us in our everyday life
  1. the people-environment relation is: transactional perspective

Conclusion: EBS does not provide data that are useful to design but attempts to demonstrate the direction and principles of environment relationships including the total development of human beings

Conclusion: This attitude often views the physical components of settings as independent factors for achieving desired effects on the behavior and well-being of users.

Which state is the architecture "good"? From the point of APR it means the "fit or noncontradiction" behavior and the physical environment. However what is "fit"? we have to ask how and what architecture should be from the viewpoint of rightnees, authenticity and sustanability.