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Architectural planning research in Japan (APR)(Kenchiku keikaku)…
Architectural planning research in Japan (APR)(Kenchiku keikaku)
Two other fields
Relationship between "architecture and human beings"
life and space
studies clissified by building type
Hystorical aspect
two periods of rapid changes in Japan
Meiji Restoration (1868)
Second World War (1945)
new concepts of social lifestyle and architecture
societal aspect
Historical Sketch of The Development
scintific research(1920) "Advanced Study Of Architecture"
dealt with the data nad methods of many building types
principles of Planning
interior environmental engineering such a illumination, acoustics, heating, cooling, air pollution, basic general studies on the decision-making of requirements for rooms, scales, shape and so on.
Historical sketch
Nishiyama (1911-1994)
tackle the housing problem of thr poor or low-income class
surveys on the "use" of existing houses through observation, questionaires, behavioral mapping, interviews.
name of method: "sumai-kata survey"
Yasumi Yoshitake (1916-...)
interaction between given space and human being
"tsukaware-kata"
method: what the space used for....
results: system of building types
Compilation of Design Data for Architecture in 1960 and 1978
worked well after World War II
to rebuild physical environment because lower varied level of needs relative to today
Takashi Adachi (1919-1993)
understanding of human beings (philosophy of architecture)
two research trend in APR were identified:
ergonomics, human factore analysis
social science
themes as spatial cognition, meanings of preference for place, territoriality, crowding,privacy and communication, ecological study.
received some attention to EBS
An Approach to Design
APR
"tsukaware-kata"
type of buildings and moderate in direct intervention into a specific case
the concept of life based on everyday activities
environment implies physical or spatial factors:shape,dimension, arrandment of any architectural component
the people-environment relation is: interactional
Conclusion: This attitude often views the physical components of settings as independent factors for achieving desired effects on the behavior and well-being of users.
EBS
specific facility-oriented
not only functional aspect but also the psychlogy,perception, cognition and social interaction needs of people, subcultural diffrences
environment implies: sociocultural aspects surrounding us in our everyday life
the people-environment relation is: transactional perspective
Conclusion: EBS does not provide data that are useful to design but attempts to demonstrate the direction and principles of environment relationships including the total development of human beings
Which state is the architecture "good"? From the point of APR it means the "fit or noncontradiction" behavior and the physical environment. However what is "fit"? we have to ask how and what architecture should be from the viewpoint of rightnees, authenticity and sustanability.