Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Specific phobia (contributing factors (behavioural models (precipitation…
Specific phobia
contributing factors
-
-
Long term potentiation
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is believed to play an important role in the learning and memory of fear by strengthening synaptic connections in the neural pathway formed during the learning process, resulting in enhanced or more effective synaptic transmission within that pathway.
-
-
-
GABA dysfunction
There may be a failure to produce, release or receive the correct amount of GABA = GABA dysfunction.
People with specific phobia have significantly lower levels of GABA.
treatments
exercise
Generally, exercise may be helpful as a therapy in one or more of the following ways:
promoting relaxation and thereby providing relief from anxiety
providing distraction or ‘time out’ from phobic stimuli, fear and anxiety
coping with the stress and associated physical reactions e.g. stress places demands on the body for energy and in the process uses up stress hormones
CBT
In addressing the thought patterns underlying a specific phobia, CBT aims to assist the individual to develop a new understanding that their feared stimuli are not (or are unlikely to be) dangerous, so their avoidance and safety behaviours are unnecessary and unhelpful in the long term.
Breathing retraining
A significant problem is that an abnormal breathing pattern can become habitual and actually increase fear or anxiety. People with specific phobias are believed to develop abnormal breathing patterns Breathing retraining, also called, breathing training, is an anxiety-management technique that involves teaching correct breathing habits to people with specific phobias.
-
GABA agonists
Benzodiazepines are a group of drugs (‘agents’) that work on the central nervous system, acting selectively on GABA receptors in the brain to increase GABA’s inhibitory effects and make post-synaptic neurons resistant to excitation. While psychological interventions are usually the first option for the treatment of a specific phobia, the effectiveness of benzodiazepines in the treatment of anxiety provides evidence for the role of GABA in phobic anxiety.
Psychoeducation
Psychoeducation is based on the assumption that increased understanding of symptoms, treatment options, services available and recovery patterns enables individuals with a mental disorder to cope more effectively
stress, anxiety, and phobia
Anxiety
A state of physiological arousal associated with
feelings of apprehension, worry or uneasiness that
something is wrong or something unpleasant is
about to happen.
Phobia
Is characterised by excessive or unreasonable
fear of a particular object or situation. A fear response typically out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the object or situation. There is also
a compelling desire to avoid the object or situation.
Stress
A state of physiological and psychological arousal produced by internal or external stressors that are perceived by the individual as challenging or exceeding their ability or resources to cope.