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CARDIAC PATHOLOGY INTRODUCTION (Pathogenic mechanisms (Pump failure,…
CARDIAC PATHOLOGY INTRODUCTION
Pathogenic mechanisms
Pump failure
Obstruction to forward blood flow
Regurgitant blood flow
Shunted blood flow
Rupture
Cardiac conduction disorders
Heart disease
Primary
Secondary
Pathologic changes in the heart
Increased preload
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Increased afterload
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Cardiac Adaptive Mechanisms
Concentric Hypertrophy
Eccentric Hypertrophy
Cardiac failure
Capillary density cannot keep up with the increased myofibre size
Cardiomyocyte hypoperfusion
Degeneration and fibrosis
Congenital cardiac abnormalities
Aetiology
Genetic
Inherited
Acquired
Environmental
Physical
Nutritional
Infectious
Chemical
Classification of morphological defects
Septal defects
Abnormalities of the great vessels and their origins
Abnormalities of valve formation
Examples
Septal defects
Atrial defects
Ventricular defects
Defects of the truncus arteriosus
Transposition defects of the roots of the great vessels
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Semilunar valve stenosis
Tetralogy of the Fallot
Patent ductus arteriosus
Persistent aortic/branchial arches
Persistent right aortic arch
Double aortic arch
Anomalous subclavian arteries
Atriventricular valve dysplasia
Miscellanous conditions
Coarctation of the aorta
Ectopia cordis
Endocardial fibro-elastosis
Congenital anomalies of the pericardium