Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Principles of audiology (hearing disorders (Inner ear diseases –…
Principles of audiology
- Types of hearing loss due to time:
prelingual – formed before learning the language (up to 3 years old).
perilingual (interlingual) – at the time when the child knows the basics of the language, but has not yet mastered the grammar system (about 3-5 years old).
postlingual – after the child has mastered the language (5-7 years old and later).
- Types of hearing loss due to localization:
1.Conductive – in the conductive part of the sound: the external auditory canal or the middle ear.
2.Perceptive, sensorineural – in the receiving part of the hearing organ: Corti's organ, spiral ganglion or vestibulo-cochlear nerve.
cochlear – concerns a disorder occurring in Corti's organ
retrocochlear – damage in the first neuron of the auditory pathway (cochlear nerve)
central – disorders located above the cochlear nuclei, up to the auditory cortex
3.Mixed – co-existing of both types of hearing loss in one hearing organ.
- Hearing loss (hypoacusis) – hearing impairment consisting of abnormal conduction or reception of sounds. Incidence increases with age.
- Types of hearing loss due to depth according to the BIAP (International Biuro of Audiofonology). The average hearing threshold for audiometric frequencies 500 Hz, 1000 Hz and 2000 Hz. *
- Auditory examination using a whisper and a speech (acumetry):
Only air conduction
using whisper
Room 6-7 meters.
!Otoskopy before examination
Testing each ear separately
Masking of the not testing ear
Normative value - 6 m
- Tune fork tests: Study of bone conduction and its relation to air conduction to determine the location and nature of hearing loss.
Weber test
Rinne test
Schwabach test
Gelle test
-
- Speech audiometry:
Speech reception treshold (SRT): at which the tester repeats correctly 50% of the items
Speech discrimination treshold (SDT): minimum intensity at which 100% verbal identification is achieved
- Tympanometry - testing of the tympanic membrane depending on the pressure changes in the external auditory canal.
- Stapedius reflex:
auditory stimulus greater than 70 dB above the auditory threshold induces reflex contraction of the stapedial muscle, thus changing the eardrum resistance
ipsi-, or contralateral: spiral ganglion, ventral cochlear nucleus, medial olive nucleus, facial nerve nucleus on the opposite or same side
The test starts with low intensities increasing them every 5-10 dB
The threshold for a reflex in the healthy ear lies within 70-90 dB above the auditory tone threshold of audiometry
- Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs)
Analyzing the " intensities" consists in identifying and marking the wave V in the responses and determining the lowest level of the stimulus, which is still visible in the record.
- Otoacoustic emissions:
study of the activities of external auditory cells
- Evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAE)
"Using the sinusoidal tones (TEOAE) or the distortion products (DPOAE) as a stimulus-it is possible to obtain repetitive results at a certain frequency
"It is impossible to register for hearing loss>40 dB
"Neonatal hearing screening, differential diagnosis of cochlear hearing loss, monitoring of cochlear function
- Auditory tube function tests:
" Valsalva maneuver: Forced expiration with nose and mouth closed
" Toynbee maneuver: Swollowing with nose and mouth closed
" Catheterization
" Politzer probe
" Pneumatic otoscopy=Siegl spectacle
" Tubometry
" Wideband Tympanometry
hearing disorders
-
Temporal bone injury
-
Symptoms: hearing loss, vertigo, Tullio's Phenomenon-dizziness induced by sound
-
-
-